X-C Flight Planning - E: Airspace Flashcards
What is Class A airspace?
Generally, that airspace from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL600, including that airspace overlying the waters within 12 NM of the coast of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska;
(AIM 3-2-2)
Can a flight under VFR be conducted within Class A
airspace?
No, unless otherwise authorized by ATC, each person operating an aircraft in Class A airspace must operate that aircraft under instrument flight rules (IFR).
(14 CFR 91.135)
What is the minimum pilot certification for operations conducted within Class A airspace?
The pilot must be at least a private pilot with an instrument rating.
(14 CFR 91.135)
What minimum equipment is required for flight operations within Class A airspace?
A two-way radio capable of communicating with ATC on the frequency assigned.
A Mode C altitude encoding transponder.
ADS-B and TIS-B equipment operating on 1090 MHz ES frequency.
Equipped with instruments and equipment required for IFR operations.
(14 CFR 91.135, 91.215, 91.225)
How is Class A airspace depicted on navigational charts?
Class A airspace is not specifically charted.
What is the definition of Class B airspace?
Generally, that airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation’s busiest airports.
(AIM 3-2-3)
What minimum pilot certification is required to operate an aircraft within Class B airspace?
No person may take off or land a civil aircraft at an airport within a Class B airspace area or operate a civil aircraft within a Class B airspace area unless:
a. The pilot-in-command holds at least a private pilot certificate.
b. The pilot-in-command holds a recreational pilot certificate and has met the requirements of 14 CFR §61.101; or for a student pilot seeking a recreational pilot certificate met the requirements of 14 CFR §61.94.
c. The pilot-in-command holds a sport pilot certificate and has met the requirements of 14 CFR §61.325; or the requirements for a student pilot seeking a recreational pilot certificate in 14 CFR §61.94.
d. The aircraft is operated by a student pilot who has met the requirements of 14 CFR §61.94 or §61.95 of this chapter, as applicable.
What is the minimum equipment required for operations of an aircraft within Class B airspace?
An operable two-way radio capable of communications with ATC on the appropriate frequencies for that area.
A Mode C altitude encoding transponder.
ADS-B-Out equipment—operating on UAT 978 MHz or 1090 MHz ES frequency.
If IFR, an operable VOR or TACAN receiver or an operable and suitable RNAV system.
Before operating an aircraft into Class B airspace, what basic requirement must be met?
Arriving aircraft must obtain an ATC clearance from the ATC facility having jurisdiction for that area prior to operating an aircraft in that area.
What minimum weather conditions are required when
conducting VFR flight operations within Class B airspace?
VFR flight operations must be conducted clear of clouds with at least 3 SM flight visibility.
(14 CFR 91.155)
How is Class B airspace depicted on navigational charts?
Class B airspace is charted on Sectional Charts, IFR En Route Low Altitude, and Terminal Area Charts. A solid blue line depicts the lateral limits of Class B airspace.
(AIM 3-2-3)
What basic ATC services are provided to all VFR aircraft operating within Class B airspace?
VFR pilots will be provided sequencing and separation from other aircraft while operating within Class B airspace.
It becomes apparent that wake turbulence may be encountered while ATC is providing sequencing and separation services in Class B airspace. Whose responsibility is it to avoid this turbulence?
The pilot-in-command is responsible.
AIM 3-2-3
What is the maximum speed allowed when operating inside Class B airspace, under 10,000 feet and within a Class D surface area?
Unless otherwise authorized or required by ATC, no person may operate an aircraft at or below 2,500 feet above the surface within 4 NM of the primary airport of a Class C or Class D airspace area at an indicated
airspeed of more than 200 knots.
(14 CFR 91.117)
When operating beneath the lateral limits of Class B airspace, or in a VFR corridor designated through Class B airspace, what maximum speed is authorized?
No person may operate an aircraft in the airspace underlying a Class B airspace area designated for an airport or in a VFR corridor designated through such a Class B airspace area, at an indicated airspeed of more than 200 knots (230 MPH).
What is Class C airspace?
Generally, that airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL). Airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and that have a certain number of IFR operations.
What are the basic dimensions of Class C airspace?
Although the configuration of each Class C airspace area is individually tailored, the airspace usually consists of a 5 NM radius core surface area that extends from the surface up to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation, and a 10 NM radius shelf area that extends from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the airport
elevation.
The outer area radius will be 20 NM, with some variations based on site specific requirements. The outer area extends outward from the primary airport and extends from the lower limits of radar/radio coverage up to the ceiling of the approach controls
airspace.
What minimum pilot certification is required to operate an aircraft within Class C airspace?
A student pilot certificate.
AIM 3-2-4
What minimum equipment is required to operate an aircraft within Class C airspace?
- A two-way radio.
- Transponder with Mode C capability.
- ADS-B Out equipment—operating on UAT 978 MHz or 1090 MHz ES frequency.
When operating an aircraft through Class C airspace or to an airport within Class C airspace, what basic requirement must be met?
Each person must establish two-way radio communications with the ATC facilities providing air traffic services prior to entering that airspace and thereafter maintain those communications while within that airspace.
(14 CFR 91.130)
Two-way radio communications must be established prior to entering Class C airspace. Define what is meant by “established” in this context.
If a controller responds to a radio call with, “(aircraft call sign) standby,” radio communications have been established.
(AIM 3-2-4)
When departing a satellite airport without an operative control tower located within Class C airspace, what requirement must be met?
Each person must establish and maintain two-way radio communications with the ATC facilities having jurisdiction over the Class C airspace area as soon as practicable after departing.
What minimum weather conditions are required when conducting VFR flight operations within Class C airspace?
VFR flight operations within Class C airspace require 3 SM flight visibility and cloud clearances of at least 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above and 2,000 feet horizontal to clouds.
(14 CFR 91.155)
How is Class C airspace depicted on navigational charts?
A solid magenta line is used to depict Class C airspace. Class C airspace is charted on Sectional Charts, IFR En Route Low Altitude, and Terminal Area Charts where appropriate.
