Operational Techniques

Question 1

Can the airplane be flown with frost and/or ice on the wings and tail?

Answer 1

No, ice and frost disturb the flow of air over the wing surface reducing performance by as much as 25%. Ice can also add a significant amount of weight to the A/C

Question 2

How would frost affect the flight characteristics?

Answer 2

Frost does not change the aerodynamic shape of the wing but spoils the smooth flow of air causing an increase in drag and early airflow separation over the wing, resulting in loss of life

Question 3

Do the FAR’s specifically prohibit the operation of an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner

Answer 3

Yes, 91.13 prohibits operating an A/C in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another

Question 4

May an aircraft be operated after sunset without displaying position lights

Answer 4

No 91.209 specifies positions lights must be operational from sunset to sunrise

Question 5

Is buzzing or intentionally flying in close proximity to the ground other than for takeoff or landing considered to be careless or reckless operation

Answer 5

Yes, if it violated 91.119 min. safe alt.

any alt. allowing an ER landing without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface in case of an engine failure

over congested areas of city, town, or settlement, or over an open air assembly of persona, an alt. of 1,000 above the highest obstacle within 2,000 feet of the A/C

Over other than congested areas an alt. of 500’ AGL except over open water or sparsely populate areas where you cannot operate closer than 500’ to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure

Question 6

What does the operation of a rotating beacon during daylight hours at an airport in controlled airspace mean?

Answer 6

Wx is below VFR min. ceiling less than 1,000’ or <3 SM vis

Question 7

What visual display is used to indicate an airport runway or taxiway is closed to traffic

Answer 7

an X

Question 8

What is a segmented circle?

Answer 8

Visual indicator that provides traffic pattern information to pilots at airports without a control tower

Question 9

How do you determine the traffic pattern at an airport

Answer 9

Chart supplement, Segmented circle, listen to CTAF

Question 10

What colors are civil airport rotating beacon

Answer 10

Flashing white and green

Question 11

What does an X at the end of a runway signify?

Answer 11

The runway is closed

Question 12

What is the demonstrated crosswind velocity for your airplane?

Answer 12

17 KTS

Question 13

What is ground effect?

Answer 13

area of reduced aerodynamic drag that an aircraft’s wings generate when they are close to a fixed surface

Question 14

How does ground effect affect the airplane during takeoff and landing?

Answer 14

During takeoff you get enhanced lift giving the aircraft the ability to get off the ground before reaching safe takeoff speed which if not recognized could give the pilot an impression that the A/C is ready for takeoff and then stall the A/C or it can cause it to settle back down to the ground

During landing it can cause an A/C to float over the runway, typically when lending with an excess amount of speed

Question 15

What is the most effective method of scanning for other aircraft during daylight hours?

Answer 15

Series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field. Each movement shouldn’t exceed 10 degrees and should last at least 1 second

Question 16

What is the most effective method of scanning for other aircraft during night hours?

Answer 16

Using peripheral vision by scanning small sectors and utilizing off-center viewing

Question 17

Upon entering severe turbulence which flight condition should the pilot attempt to maintain

Answer 17

Straight and level flight

Question 18

Why does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw left

Answer 18

Due to the AOA of the propeller. The prop takes a bigger bit of air on the right side producing more thrust from the right half of the prop thus trying to turn the airplane left

Question 19

In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single engine airplane

Answer 19

At low airspeed with high power settings

Question 20

Which direction does the elevator move when forward or backward pressure is applied to the control wheel

Answer 20

Forward - Down

Backward - Up

Question 21

How do ailerons move in a left or right turn

Answer 21

Left - Left up right down

Right - Right up left down

Question 22

What is aileron yaw or adverse yaw

Answer 22

Tendency of an airplane to yaw in the opposite direction of the turn. Caused by the difference in lift and drag of each wing

Question 23

How does the rudder move when using right or left rudder pressure

Answer 23

Left pedal - left deflection

Right pedal - right deflection

Question 24

What is the purpose of trim tabs

Answer 24

Counteract the aerodynamic force on the control surface thus stabilise the aircraft in the axis of rotation associated with the primary control

Question 25

What is the purpose of wing flaps

Answer 25

They increase the camber and in most cases the chord and surface area of the wing resulting in an increase in both lift and drag and a reduction of the stall speed enabling the pilot to make steeper descents without increasing speed, lower takeoff and landing speeds, and reduce the length of your takeoff and landing roll

Question 26

How do flaps affect stall speed?

Answer 26

They reduce the stall speed

Question 27

What should be the flap setting for a soft field takeoff

Answer 27

25

Question 28

What should be the flap setting for a short field takeoff

Answer 28

25

Question 29

How does wind affect takeoff and landing distance

Answer 29

tailwind will increase it and a headwind decreases it

Question 30

How does aircraft angle of bank affect stalling speed

Answer 30

It increases the stall speed by a square root of your load factor Stall speed increases

Question 31

What conditions are necessary for an aircraft to enter a spin

Answer 31

Stalled and uncoordinated

Question 32

What is the difference between a slip and a skid

Answer 32

Skid is where the rate of turn is too great for the angle of bank A slip is when the angle of bank is too great for the rate of turn

Question 33

When would you use a slip

Answer 33

Combat crosswind on landing to lose alt. without picking up unwanted airspeed on final. Stalling in a slip can lead to a spin ensure the AOA is low when close to the ground

Question 34

When would you use a skid

Answer 34

Skids are more dangerous than a slip and are used in aerobatics and aerial combat

Question 35

when are wingtip vortices created by an aircraft

Answer 35

Anytime the wings generate lift

Question 36

When landing or departing behind heavy aircraft, what is the best technique to use in order to avoid wake turbulence

Answer 36

Taking off: Takeoff before the A/C point of rotation and stay above their climb path Landing: Stay above their glide path and land beyond their touchdown point

Question 37

What technique would you use when landing in gusty winds

Answer 37

Add half the gust factor to your final approach speed - use less flaps

Question 38

What is the normal light A/C traffic pattern direction of turn and alt

Answer 38

Field eliv. plus 500 | All turns to the left

Question 39

What category is your airplane normal or utility

Answer 39

Normal

Question 40

Are deviation from control tower instructions allowed in the case of an ER

Answer 40

Yes, to the extent necessary to meet the ER

Question 41

Which A/C has the right of way when two or more A/C at different alt. but not on final approach, are approaching an airport for the purpose of landing

Answer 41

The A/C at the lowest alt

Question 42

When A/C are approaching head on in which direction should each pilot alter course

Answer 42

To the right

Question 43

Is an intentional maneuver that exceeds a bank of 60 degrees considered acrobatic

Answer 43

No, acrobatic flight is an intentional maneuver involving an abrupt change in an A/C attitude, abnormal attitude, or abnormal acceleration not necessary for normal flight

Question 44

In an A/C is converging with a glider at approximately the same altitude, which has the right of way

Answer 44

The glider

Question 45

What is the minimum safe alt. over congested areas?

Answer 45

1,000' above highest obstacle within 2,000' of A/C

Question 46

What is the minimum safe alt. over other than congested area

Answer 46

500' AGL except over open water or sparsely populated areas where it is no more than 500' to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure

Question 47

Assume there is no altimeter setting available at your airport, what setting would you use for local flight

Answer 47

Field elevation

Question 48

Except when necessary for takeoff and landing what is considered a min. safe alt.

Answer 48

Any alt. which in case of a power failure would allow for an ER landing without undue hazard to persons or propery

Question 49

When operating an A/C equipped with a 2way radio at an airport with a control tower, is the pilot required to maintain comms with the CT

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

May a pilot at an airport with a control tower taxi an A/C on a runway before receiving clearance from the appropriate agency

Answer 50

No

Question 51

What are the basic VFR Wx min. outside controlled airspace at or below 1,200 AGL d

Answer 51

Day 1 Coc | Night 3, 152

Question 52

What are appropriate altitude when operating an aircraft under VFR in level cruising flight at an alt of more than 3,000' AGL on a magnetic course of 0-179 and 180-359

Answer 52

0-179 - 0dd + 500 | 180-356 - Even + 500

Question 53

Is it mandatory that pilots keep seatbelts fastened while at the controls of an A/C

Answer 53

yes

Question 54

If overtaking another A/C in which direction should the course be altered to pass well clear of the other aircraft

Answer 54

To the right

Question 55

Which A/C has the right of way when one A/C is being overtaken by another

Answer 55

The A/C that is being overtaken

Question 56

What are the fuel requirement for day VFR

Answer 56

To the first airport of intended use and 30 min after

Question 57

What are the fuel requirement for night VFR

Answer 57

To the first airport of intended sue and 45 min after