WWII Flashcards
14 Point Peace Proposal
Woodrow Wilson proposed; called for Germany to become democracy; it’s turned down by European countries
League of Nations
representation of European powers; meant to keep everyone out of another war; America doesn’t join; more talk than anything else
Treaty of Versailles
arguably why WW2 gets started; allies make this without consulting Germany, put whole war bill on them to bankrupt the country; reduces all of the German army, navy, & airforce; communists start causing trouble
Espionage Act
wants to prevent spies; in order to find spies you have to invade privacy
Sedition Act
disallows badmouthing the government
The Red Scare
The Soviet Union, the Communist International, the American Communist Party; Russian empire surrendered, communist party overtakes and kills royal family; renamed the Soviet Union
The Communist International
CommInter; goal is to infiltrate all foreign goverments and turn them communist; would take all orders from Soviet Union
The American Communist Party
funded and trained by Soviets; all Americans; blamed for race riots, post-war bombs, and recession
The Palmer Raids
attorney general Mitchel Palmer and assistant J. Edgar Hoover; fear of foreigners and socialists; raid homes, go to offices, question people; hardly found anything
Sacco and Vanzetti
two Italian immigrants charged with murder without hard evidence; confessed anarchists; quick trial w/ bigotted judge; people called for their release but they were put to death
Consumer culture
people are putting everything on credit; newest appliances & cars
Flapper
woman of the 1920’s; they curse, they drink, they smoke, they show some ankle
Harlem Renissance
African American culture, writing, music; cotton club;Langston Hughes and Zora Neale Hurston; Jelly Roll Morton and Duke Ellington.
The Lost Generation
The young men who came back with ‘shell shock’ (PTSD) and were never quite the same
Stock Market crash
October 1929; too much of the stock isn’t tangible and they are devalued; people panic and cash out, causing horrible crash beyond repair
Great Depression
worst between 1929-1932; unemployment rises to 25%; banks start closing and shutting down; no guarentee of money back; people in poverty not heavily effected
Hoovervilles
makeshift homes set up in public places; named for president Hoover
Hoover
does nothing to help in the depression; volunteerism
The Dust Bowl
people trying to go out west; record drought, high rate of dust storms; livestock killed
Volunteerism
Volunteer to go to work without pay, do not quit your job, do not close your business
Agricultural Marketing Act
farmers have been suffering; tries to set prices for products; too late for that
Bonus Army
goverment had promised bonus checks for WWI veterans in 1919 and planned to give them out in 1945; the soldiers wanted them in the depression; organize and go to DC to protest; Hoover gets Douglas McArthur to take a standing army to violenty make them leave, ruins Hoover
FDR
Franklin Roosevelt; elected 4 times; runs with ‘new deal’; preforms Fireside Chats; uses shotgun method & mini projects
Fireside Chat
live radio show with FDR
New Deal
FDR’s campaign
Bank Holiday
FDR shuts down banks for a week holiday; emergency banking act has some banks permanently close and money is moved to strong banks; rescue measures include borrowing federal money
Agricultural Adjustment Act
says how much of x crop you can grow per acre; will prevent over / under production
Civilian Conservation Corps
Give people jobs; put them to work doing things such as public works and maintenance
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
set maximum hours per work week (40) + overtime; set minimum wage
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Bring electricity and development to rural regions
Popular Front
Communist party in America; oppose FDR; act pro-American when Germany threatens Russia
American Liberty League
made of wealthy conservatives who oppose FDR;
Dr. Franklin Townsend
Has a growing following; believes in goverment help for elderly and disabled; FDR takes the idea and makes Social Security, the party falls
Huey Long
Socialist party, ‘share our wealth’; Lousiana ‘King Fish’; becomes nationally popular but is beaten up in New York, later killed
Second New Deal
brings Social Security & Wagner Act (prevents employers from bothering unions)
Congress of Industrial Organization
broke from AFL; go on strike continually; sit down strikes
Washington Naval Conference
Charles Evans Hughs, Secretary of State; designed to prevent naval arms race
Five Power Pact
Deas with US, Britain, France, Japan, and Italy; says how many ships can be built; fot every 5 tons US builsds, UK gets 5, France and Italy get 1.75, and Japan gets 3; Japanese are angry and violate this
Dawes Plan
reduce Germany’s payments to get the world out of the depression
Kellogg-Briand Pact
want to make war illegal; 48 nations sign
World Disarmament Conference
held by Hoover, failure
Manchuria
invaded by Japan; true start to WWII
Henry Stimson
Wants Japan outta Manchuria, literally does nothing
Good Neighbor Policy
policy towards other parts of the Americas
Neutrality Act
official statement saying US trades with everyone and won’t be bothered; very biased towards England tho
Adolph Hitler
austrian; failed painter; fought with Germany in WWI; fought in every major battle, injured, and destroyed that Germany lost the war; becomes a goverment worker to spy on Nazi party… ends up leading the Nazi party; leads Germany out of the depression
Nazi
popular party of Germany; if you aren’t part of it, you have no living
Munich Beer Hall Putsch
failed takeover of Bulgarian goverment, ends with Hitler in jail, wrights ‘Mein Kamph’
Anschluss
the joining of Austria and Germany
Reinland
place Germany was NOT supposed to militarize (they do)
Pact of Steel
Germany & Italy
Sudetenland
piece of Germany that was lost; Munich conference gives it to Hitler; Checs get no vote; Neville Chamberlaine thought this secured peace with Germany but had taken Chec’s defense
Axis Powers
Germany and Italy, later includes Japan
Blitzkrieg
Lightning War; uses Panzers (tanks), mechanized infantry, and airplanes
Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact
Is what it sounds like; doesn’t last but agree to split Poland for the time
Phoning War
Britain and France v Germany; no one is doing shit; Norway and Denmark are invaded
Vidkun Quisling
leader of Norweigen Nazi Party; makes things quick; is put in charge of the area
The Maginot Line
very resistant system; can’t turn and when France goes to help Belgium, they’re defeated and overrum
Dunkirk
All British boats (all of them) go to Dunkirk to evacuate French soldiers; lets British stay in the war
Viche France
Nazi France
Operation Sea Lion
was meant to take out Britain, unsuccessful
Battle of Britain
German attempt to take out British airforce; accidental bombing of German city leads this astray and they start bombing the cities; kids sent to live with strangers
Chruchill
“We will never surrender”; everyone worried of invasion that doesn’t come
Operation Barbarossa
largest invasion ever of Soviet Union; gives Britain an ally despite differences; Germans don’t plan well and 3 month plan lasts 4 years; casualties high because you don’t wanna be a POW
American Neutrality
still neutral but selling Britain all war supplies; def Brit leaning
American Public Opinion
v afraid
Great East Asian Posperity Sphere
Only good for Japan; incredibly brutal
America First Party
want to stay isolationist; supported by Nazi sympathizers; doesn’t make them look great
Pearl Harbor
Japanese bomb American ports after America freezes their assets; aircraft carriers not there (unsure where they were); Japanese expect America to back down… quite oppisite
Japanese Americans
lots of hysteria and paranoia; relocated
d-day operation overlord
largest seaborne invasion in history; troops arrived in Normandy
