WWII

Question 1

Munich Pact

Answer 1

(1938) permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia. Hitler then takes over all of Czechoslovakia; policy of appeasement

Question 2

Nuremberg Law

Answer 2

Race-based measures depriving Jews of rights, designed (1935), deprived Jews of German citizenship, and other rights; escalated to violent hate crimes

Question 3

Operation Barbarossa

Answer 3

The German invasion of the Soviet Union, which was launched on June 22, 1941. The failure of German troops to defeat Soviet forces in the campaign signaled a crucial turning point in the war.

Question 4

Operation Sea Lion

Answer 4

a plan for the invasion of Great Britain through air force to destroy British air power and so open the way for the invasion

Question 5

Potsdam Conference

Answer 5

• held in the Soviet occupation zone 1945, to allow the three leading Allies to plan the postwar peace, while avoiding the mistakes of the Paris Peace Conference; 4 occupation zones, divided up Germany;

Question 6

Tehran Conference

Answer 6

• strategy meeting of Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill in 1943
• 1st meeting of the allied leaders, West yielded to Stalin and let the Nazi-Soviet Pact stand

Question 7

Anschluss

Answer 7

Annexation of Austria by Germany

Question 8

Axis Powers Early Victories

Answer 8

Poland, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, France, Netherlands;

Question 9

Dwight Eisenhower

Answer 9

American General, took command of Britain

Question 10

Belgium’s Role

Answer 10

Invaded and occupied by German forces; Gov. in exile, Jews in Belgium, liberated by Americans in 1944

Question 11

Douglas MacArthur

Answer 11

American forces island hop to recapture islands and Japan, bombings

Question 12

Yalta

Answer 12

Roosevelt. Churchill, and Stalin plan the final steps in the war; Atmosphere of distrust, self-determination, post war Germany, Focus on Japan

Question 13

5 Genocide

Answer 13

Bosnia Herzogovina, Rwanda Genocide, Darfur Genocide, Cambodian Genocide, Holocaust

Question 14

Bosnia Herzogovina

Answer 14

Serbs (minority, oppressors) v Muslims

Question 15

Rwanda Genocide

Answer 15

Tutsi (oppressed) v Hutu

Question 16

Darfur Genocide

Answer 16

systematic killing of ethnic Darfuri people

Question 17

Cambodian Genocide

Answer 17

systematic persecution and killing of Cambodian citizens by the Khmer Rouge

Question 18

Nazi-Soviet Pact

Answer 18

non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned Central and Eastern Europe between them.

Question 19

Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox)

Answer 19

German field marshal, fought to get the British out of North Africa

Question 20

Allies

Answer 20

Russia, Britain, US; (Big Three : FDR, Churchill, Stalin)
France

Question 21

Axis Powers

Answer 21

Germany, Italy, Japan;
Russia and Germany take Poland first, early victories because of blitzkrieg in Norway, Denmark, Belgium, France, Netherlands;
agreed to to fight communism and to not interfere with others plan for expansion

Question 22

Causes of World War II

Answer 22

• Versailles Treaty, which caused economic disaster in Germany
• Great Depression, worsened economy, created desire for economic relief and jobs, no matter the cost
• Weimer Republic, weak, and increased inflation, created desire for a strong leader that could topple the unpopular republic
• France taking the Rhineland from Germany, caused Weimer Republic to print money, increasing inflation

Question 23

Benito Mussolini

Answer 23

Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party; Leader of the Blackshirts; becoming prime minister;Opposition parties, trade unions, and the free press were outlawed, free speech was crushed, network of spies and secret policemen; cult of personality, hailed as a genius and a superman by public figures worldwide.

Question 24

Effects of World War II

Answer 24

• United Nations
• Rise of the USSR and US as global superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War (countries in Europe devastated economically)
• Arms race after the use of nuclear weapons
• Casualties, refugees, infrastructure and economies damaged, US helped reconstruction

Question 25

Entry of the U.S. into the war

Answer 25

Turning point bc the United States’ production of arms was to meet not only its own needs but also France’s and Great Britain’s and their economic contribution was great; began to fight in N. Africa and moved their way up

Question 26

Eugenics

Answer 26

Eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population. Historically, eugenicists have attempted to alter human gene pools by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior or promoting those judged to be superior.
In Mein Kampf, Hitler declared non-Aryan races such as Jews and Romani as inferior. He believed Germans should do everything possible, including genocide, to make sure their gene pool stayed pure.

Question 27

FDR

Answer 27

Roosevelt took the lead in establishing a grand alliance among all countries fighting the Axis powers.supporters hailed him as the saviour of his nation during the Great Depression and the defender of democracy during World War II.

Question 28

Hiroshima

Answer 28

On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in an armed conflict. Japan surrendered six days after the bombing of Nagasaki

Question 29

Kristallnacht

Answer 29

a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party; Kristallnacht comes from the shards of broken glass that littered the streets after the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and synagogues were smashed. Book burnings also occurred;

Question 30

League of Nations

Answer 30

The League of Nations was the first worldwide intergovernmental organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. Founded by Widrow Wilson, US did not join after; Ultimately failed to keep the peace;

Question 31

Neutrality

Answer 31

refusal to take part in a war between other powers; US neutral for the most part of the war;

Question 32

Poland

Answer 32

Invasion of Poland, attack on Poland by Nazi Germany that marked the start of World War II; blitzkrieg, Britain and France declared war on Germany(Versailles treaty), but did little to help;

Question 33

Rhineland

Answer 33

France invaded the mine because Germany could not make up their reperations;German workers protested the occupation of the Ruhr with an immense sitdown strike; The railroads, mines, factories, and public services in the Ruhr and Rhineland ground to a halt. Weimer gov. forced to print money to comensate the workers, which led to even higher inflation;

Question 34

Soviet Union/USSR

Answer 34

After the Munich Agreement, the Soviet Union pursued a rapprochement with Nazi Germany; Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa, an invasion of the Soviet Union; Battle of Stalingrad; Stalin met with Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Tehran Conference and discussed a two-front war against Germany and the future of Europe after the war. invasion of Manchuria. greatest number of casualties in the war, about a third of all World War II casualties; emerged as superpower

Question 35

Total War

Answer 35

Warfare where all of a country’s available resources, military as well as civilian, are employed

Question 36

Use of bombs in WWII

Answer 36

Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombed; used by Germany in Blitzkrieg(London especially) and by Alllies/Axis in bombings in general;

Question 37

Two Front War

Answer 37

Germany forced to fight on two fronts, France and Russia;

Question 38

Antisemitism

Answer 38

The hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews.

Question 39

Japanese colonial policies

Answer 39

• seize these regions and incorporate them into the empire to make itself self-sufficient economically and thus become the dominant power in the Pacific Ocean
• policy of founding and supporting puppet states in conquered regions. These conquered territories became the basis for the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in 1940.

Question 40

D-Day

Answer 40

Invasion of France to liberate it from Nazi occupation (3 months) in 1944
@ beach of Normandy, casualties high;