Russian Revolution

Question 1

Bloody Sunday in Russia 1905

Answer 1

• massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia, of peaceful demonstrators
• beginning of the violent phase of the Russian Revolution
• workers’ request for reforms to Emperor Nicholas II
• police to fire upon the demonstrators
• peasant uprisings, mutinies in the armed forces –> threatened the tsarist regime

Question 2

Bolsheviks

Answer 2

• Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, were a far-left faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party; seized power in Russia in the October Revolution of 1917
• elite revolutionary party represented a small percentage of socialists (“majority’)

Question 3

Bread riots of 1917

Answer 3

• first of two revolutions that would topple Romanov dynasty
• (February and October Rev.)
• protesters shouted “Bread!”;Troops refused to fire on the demonstrators, government helpless
• tsar Nicholas II abdicated.

Question 4

Communism

Answer 4

• Communism is a left-wing to far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement
• goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need

Question 5

Censorship

Answer 5

Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information.

Question 6

Duma

Answer 6

• Duma, elected legislative body that constituted the imperial Russian legislature from 1906 until its dissolution at the time of the March 1917 Revolution

Question 7

Joseph Stalin

Question 8

Lenin

Answer 8

• revolutionary, spread Marxist ideas
• adapted Marxist ideas to fit Russian conditions
• elite group to lead the revolution and set up a “dictatorship of the proletariat.”
• promised “Peace, Land, and Bread”
• Lenin’s forces overthrew the provisional government in 1917

Question 9

Marx

Answer 9

• The Communist Manifesto
• concept of socialism as a natural result of the conflicts inherent in the capitalist system
• predicted that the upcoming proletarian revolution would sweep aside the capitalism –> workingmen the new ruling class of the world

Question 10

Mensheviks

Answer 10

• faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split with Vladimir Lenin’s Bolshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903

Question 11

New Economic Policy

Answer 11

• It allowed some capitalist ventures; state kept control of banks, foreign trade, and large industries, small businesses were allowed to reopen for private profit
• gov. stopped squeezing peasants for grain
• peasants held on to small plots of land and freely sold their surplus crops
• a temporary retreat from communism

Question 12

Rasputin

Answer 12

• In Nicholas’s absence, Alexandra relied on Rasputin “holy man”
• By 1916, Rasputin’s influence over Alexandra had reached new heights, weakened confidence in the government
• Russian nobles killed Rasputin on 1916

Question 13

Red vs. White army

Answer 13

• “Reds,” as the Communists were known
• counterrevolutionary “Whites,” made up of tsarist imperial officers, Mensheviks, democrats, and others, all of whom were united only by their desire to defeat the Bolsheviks

Question 14

Trotsky

Answer 14

Marxist thinker, a skillful speaker, and an architect of the Bolshevik Revolution; urged support for a worldwide revolution against capitalism; murdered by Stalin in a power grab after Lenin’s death

Question 15

Agricultural Revolution

Question 16

Serfs vs. peasants

Question 17

Social Revolutionaries

Question 18

Social Democrats

Answer 18

supports political and economic democracy and supports a gradualist, reformist and democratic approach towards achieving socialism

Question 19

Soviets