WWI to WWII Flashcards
Dada (1916-24 International)
Anti-war and absurdity.
Fountain
- Marcel Duchamp
- France
- 1917
- Anti-art/Readymade/Dada
Neoplasticism (1917 Netherlands)
Non-objective, primary colors, black vertical & horizontal lines, white background.
Composition in Red, Yellow and Blue
- Piet Mondrian
- Netherlands
- 1921
- Neoplasticism
Constructivism (1917 Russia)
Rejects the unconscious. Favors reason, calculation, a collective society, progress, & the spirit of revolution.
Constructed Head No. 2
- Naum Gabo
- Russia
- 1916
- Constructivism
New Objectivity: Verists & Classicists (1919-1933)
Evolves from the remains of German Expressionism. It opposes non-objective art.
Verists: cynical, left-wing social critics
Classicists/Neo-Naturalists: traditional subjects
The Skat Players
- Otto Dix
- Germany
- 1920
- Verist New Objectivity
Surrealism (circa 1921)
Absorbs Pittura Metafisica and Dada and focuses on dreams, the psychological, and the absurd.
Persistence of Memory
- Salvador Dali
- Spain
- 1931
- Surrealism
Soviet Realism (1922 USSR)
Art in the USSR must now be:
1. Proletarian: relevant to workers & understandable to them
2. Typical: show scenes from everyday life
3. Realistic: in the representational sense
4. Partisan: support the aims of the state (Communist Party)
Art duties are limited to propaganda & control.
Nazi Realism
The Nazi regime in Germany actively promoted and censored forms of art between 1933 and 1945. Upon becoming dictator in 1933, Adolf Hitler gave his personal artistic preference the force of law to a degree rarely known before.
Mexican Muralism (1922 Mexico)
Pre-columbian rituals, nationalism, war, labor & the peasant.
Modern Migration of the Spirit
- Jose Clemente Orozco
- Mexico
- 1934
- Mexican Muralism
Abstract Sculpture (1927 International)
Simplified forms.
Recumbent Figure
- Henry Moore
- 1938
- UK
- Abstract Sculpture
Dimensionism (1936 International)
Illustrations of scientific principles.
Precisionism/Cubic Realism (1920 US)
Carved background space, usually by extending the edges of foreground objects.
I Saw the Figure Five in Gold
- Charles Demuth
- 1928
- US
- Precisionism
American Still Life (1920 US)
Objects and the mechanical.
Harlem Renaissance (1925 US)
Blends folk arts, the contemporary black experience, and memories of a southern past.
American Social Realism (1927 US)
Exposing corruption, racism, snobbery, and social grievances.
The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti
- Ben Shahn
- 1931
- Lith/US
- American Social Realism
American Regionalism (1930 US)
The Depression and Dust Bowl turn art’s focus back to life and land in the middle of the country in the 1930s.
American Gothic
- Grant Wood
- 1930
- US
- American Regionalism
Art Deco (1910-45 France/International)
Streamlining, the geometric, machine, manmade materials, exaggerated human figures of both sexes.
Abstract
Has one or more properties of the natural world.
Art of the insane
In 1922 Hans Prinzhorn publishes Artistry of the Mentally Ill. The art of the insane is explored by Paul Klee & Max Ernst.
Bauhaus (1919)
The finest art school in the world forms in Germany under the leadership of Walter Gropius, creator of architecture’s “International Style.” Refined, geometric, & functional.
De Stijl
The first magazine for non-objective art.
Degenerate Art/Entartete Kunst (1937)
Exhibits claim these works of art are by Jews, the insane, or the racially inferior.
Guernica
La Guernica (1937 Spain) by Pablo Picasso was created following the German bombing of Guernica, a city in Spain’s Basque region.
Mobile
Small Feathers (1931 US) by Alexander Calder is the first wind-powered mobile, which is termed by Marcel Duchamp.
Non-objective
Has no relationship to nature or the creation of human beings.
Tessellation
A repeating pattern with no dominant image and no depth.
Works Progress Administration (WPA), Federal Art Project (FAP), and the Section (1935-43)
While the Soviet Union (Russia) and Fascist nations censor art and imprison artists, the WPA creates jobs for unemployed Americans and foreign nationals.
Walter Benjamin
In “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” (1935), he focuses on the idea that the farther away you get from the reality of a product, the less significance it has for you. He also says, “Art has lost its aura.”
Alexander Calder
An American sculptor known both for his innovative mobiles that embrace chance in their aesthetic, his static “stabiles”, and his monumental public sculptures.
Marcel Duchamp
A French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual art.
Alberto Giacometti
A Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman, and printmaker who used images from his dreams immediately upon waking up.
Hannah Hoch
A German Dada artist best known for her work of the Weimar period when she was one of the originators of photomontage.
Man Ray
An American visual artist who spent most of his career in Paris. He was a significant contributor to the Dada and Surrealist movements, although his ties to each were informal. He produced major works in a variety of media but considered himself a painter above all.
Henry Moore
An English artist best known for his semi-abstract monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as public works of art.
Robbert Goddard (US) creates the first liquid-fueled rocket.
1915
The first true radio station broadcasts out of Pittsburg, Pensylvania.
1920
Pre-recorded sound synchronized with film debuts in NYC.
1923
The first insecticides are used.
1924
John Laird (Sc) demonstrates the broadcast and reception of television signals in London.
1925
The first liquid-filled rocket is launched.
1926
Kodak introduces the 16mm camera.
1926
Alexander Fleming introduces the antibiotic properties of penicillin.
1928
The first nuclear weapon is tested in the United States.
1948
