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ART 150 & 260 > Precursors to Modern Art > Flashcards

Precursors to Modern Art Flashcards

1
Q

Age of Enlightenment

A

(1750-1789) Intellectual, social, and political change. Science gains influence and religions and monarchies lose it.

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2
Q

Age of Positivism

A

(1848-1885) Realism returns to society and visual art. Beauty is before one’s eyes.

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3
Q

Neoclassicism

A

(1750s) Images and themes from ancient Greece, Rome, mythology, and later, Egyptology.

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4
Q

Romanticism

A

(1789-1848 France) Emotion, drama, and the sublime.

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5
Q

French Realism

A

(1850 France) Visual accuracy.

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6
Q

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

A

(1848 UK) Mimetic, with themes from nature, literature, and history.

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7
Q

Impressionism

A

(1872 France) Unmixed dabs of unblended paint (little or no black) to recreate the sensory experience of reflected light.

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8
Q

Post-Impressionism

A

(1800s-1905 France) Separate groups united by the rejection of Impressionism.

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9
Q

Synthetism

A

The outward appearance of a subject, plus the artist’s feeling toward that subject with purity of color, line, and form.

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10
Q

Neo-Impressionism

A

A rejection of Impressionism based on combining the real, ideal, fugitive, and scientific.

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11
Q

Cloisonism/Japonaiserie

A

(1888) Bright colors outlined (usually) in black.

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12
Q

Symbolism

A

Death, angels, the supernatural, a desire to leave the earthly plane.

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13
Q

Primitivism/Naive Art

A

(1891?) Primitive subject matter and naive (untrained) artists.

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14
Q

Arts & Crafts

A

(1860s)

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15
Q

Art Nouveau

A

(1890-1910 France/International) Flora, female forms.

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16
Q

The Death of Socrates

A
  • Jacques Louis-David
  • 1787
  • France
  • Neoclassicism
  • Contextualism: Socrates has been charged with impiety and the corruption of youth, so he commits suicide.
  • Horizontally arranged, medium-deep, good value pattern
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17
Q

Watson and the Shark

A
  • John Singleton Copley
  • 1778
  • US
  • American Romanticism
  • Biographical: A 14-year-old cabin boy (Brooke Watson) loses a leg in Cuban waters.
  • Triangular arrangement, deep, good value pattern
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18
Q

Arrangement in Black and Gray

A
  • James Abbott Mac Neil Whistler
  • 1871
  • US
  • American Realism
  • Contextualism: This is a traditional art piece that is simply what it is. It fits inside the box of realism, which was the art movement at the time.
  • Weak triangle arrangement, shallow-medium depth, good value pattern
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19
Q

Ophelia

A
  • John Everett Millais
  • 1852
  • UK
  • Pre-Raphaelite Art
  • Contextualism: An imagined scene from the play Hamlet after Ophelia’s boyfriend goes mad and accidentally kills her father.
  • Vertically arranged, medium-deep, good value pattern
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20
Q

Impression, Sunrise

A
  • Claude Monet
  • 1872
  • France
  • Impressionism
  • Contextualism: Critics used impressionism as a derogatory term, but artists such as Monet liked the term and coined it as their own.
  • Loose triangle arrangement, deep, good value pattern
21
Q

1440 (Technological Development)

A

Johannes Gutenberg (Germany) invents movable type. By 1753, 20,000 newspapers are sold each day in England.

22
Q

1770 (Technological Development)

A

Joseph Priestly (UK) invents the eraser.

23
Q

1800 (Technological Development)

A

Humphrey Davy (UK) invents the electric light.

24
Q

1825 (Technological Development)

A

The formula for Portland cement is developed (UK).

25
Q

1826 (Technological Development)

A

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (France) takes the first photograph (View from the Artist’s Window at La Gros).

26
Q

1841 (Technological Development)

A

John Goff Rand (US) invents the collapsible tin tube to hold paint.

27
Q

1852-4 (Technological Development)

A

Elisha Otis (US) creates the safety elevator.

28
Q

1854 (Technological Development)

A

Antonio Meucci (Italian) invents the telettrophono (telephone).

29
Q

1876 (Technological Development)

A

Alexander Graham Bell (US) patents the telephone.

30
Q

1878 (Technological Development)

A

Eadweard Muybridge (UK) synchronizes twelve cameras to take pictures in a half-second, to capture the movement of a horse (Horse in Motion).

31
Q

1879 (Technological Development)

A

Thomas Edison (US) patents the light bulb.

32
Q

1883 (Technological Development)

A

The Brooklyn Bridge is completed (John Roebling & Sons).

33
Q

1884 (Technological Development)

A

George Eastman develops flexible photographic film.

34
Q

1885 (Technological Development)

A

The first curtain wall building rises in Chicago (The Home Insurance Building).

35
Q

1889 (Technological Development)

A

William Friese-Greene (UK) patents the first movie camera.

36
Q

1891 (Technological Development)

A

William Dickson (US) unveils the kinetoscope. Viewers pay to see a man sneeze.

37
Q

1893 (Technological Development)

A

Auguste Lumiere (France) invents the movie projector and the documentary film genre.

38
Q

1900 (Technological Development)

A

James Blackton (UK) creates the first animated film.

39
Q

1764 (Significant Document)

A

The Sense of the Beautiful and the Sublime (Immanuel Kant (Germany)) distinguishes between the two.

40
Q

1792 (Significant Document)

A

A Vindication of the Rights of Women (Mary Wollstonecraft (England)) asserts that women are the equals of men.

41
Q

1835 (Significant Document)

A

On the Functions of the Brain and Each of its Parts… (Franz Joseph Gall (Germany)) mentions pseudoscience of phrenology, conceived in 1796 by Gall.

42
Q

1848 (Significant Document)

A

The Communist Manifesto (Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels)

43
Q

1864 (Significant Document)

A

Dialogue in Hell Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu (Maurice Joly (France)) is a fictional satire criticizing the reign of Napoleon III.

44
Q

1878 (Significant Document)

A

L’uomo delinquente (Cesare Lombroso (Italy)) claims measurements on the skull and facial features reveal criminal tendencies.

45
Q

1883 (Significant Document)

A

Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development (Francis Galton (England)) mentions eugenics, the idea of selective breeding in human beings.

46
Q

1863 (Significant Document)

A

The Painter in Modern Life (Charles Baudelaire (France)) defines “modernity.”

47
Q

1872, 1910 (Significant Document)

A

Birth of Tragedy and Will to Power (Friedrich Nietzche (Germany)) mentions the structure of society but is twisted by his sister, Elizabeth.

48
Q

1888/89 (Significant Document)

A

The Secret Doctrine (Helena Blavatsky (Russian)) mentions the stages of human existence as “learned” on an imagined trip to Tibet.

ART 150 & 260 (15 decks)

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