WWI Results and Outcomes

Question 1

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE

Answer 1

The Paris Peace Conference (Orlando from Italy, Clemenceau from France, Wilson from the US, Lloyd from Britain) ended the war in 1919 with various treaties; the main one is the Treaty of Versailles

Punished Germany – lost 15% of their land in Europe, lost all colonial empires, had to pay reparations to the winners, military forces were heavily restricted, accepted full responsibility for the war

> > the rise of Hitler and the Nazis

Question 2

TOTAL WAR

Answer 2

WWI became a ‘total war’ that involved every asset of the economy: mobilization of troops, economy, and governments

Question 3

EFFECT OF CASUALTIES

Answer 3

there were over 10 million casualties (about 3-5 million civilian deaths)&raquo_space; physical destruction in France due to trench warfare, disillusionment of their own civilization (went against Enlightenment ideas) – German veteran Remarque’s “All Quiet on the Western Front”

also led to social mobility, suffrage movements resumed (women gained suffrage in the West)

Question 4

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHANGE

Answer 4

women were urged to return home from factory jobs so they couldn’t compete with veterans for work; mass production of new innovations&raquo_space; consumerism (mainly in the USA) which encouraged people who could to buy radios, televisions, etc.

Question 5

POLITICAL CHANGE

Answer 5

new countries in Europe as multi-ethnical countries split up (Russia, Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria Hungary)&raquo_space; the creation of Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia) – based on Woodrow Wilson’s principal of “national self-determination”

Question 6

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

Answer 6

the Young Turk government killed and deported over 1 million Armenians because they believed they were working with Russia (false)

Question 7

ARABS

Answer 7

the Arab states that emerged became mandates of GB or France from the League of Nations&raquo_space; conflicts between Jews and Arabs over Palestine

Question 8

EFFECT ON JAPAN

Answer 8

Japan strengthened with European support to claim German territories in China (Port of Tsing-tao)&raquo_space; navy patrolled the Pacific Ocean, China Sea, and the Indian Ocean

Question 9

EFFECT ON THE USA

Answer 9

The USA became the center stage of the world (contributed to the German defeat and had financial resources); Wilson’s 14 Points fostered a new international life based on morals&raquo_space; the creation of the League of Nations, which failed

Question 10

COLONIES THAT HELPED EUROPEAN POWERS

Answer 10

French: Indo-China, Algeria, Senegal had manpower that fought in the trenches

Question 11

AFRICA

Answer 11

in Sub-Saharan Africa, the British, French, and Belgian forces took care of German troops in Togoland and Cameroon

in SW Africa, Germany encouraged the Boers to attempt to get their independence back from the British (reclaim their country)

Essentially, the Germans were all wiped out in Africa besides East Africa

Question 12

OTTOMAN EMPIRE SPLIT UP

Answer 12

Sykes-Picot agreement of 1916 between the GB and France divided the spoils of the OE, despite the promises of independence made in the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence by GB

Question 13

BALFOUR DECLARATION

Answer 13

the Prime Minister of GB (Balfour) supported the European Zionist movement’s demands for a homeland in Palestine