WWI Flashcards
Causes of World War I
nationalism, imperialism, militarism, creation of alliances (Central and Allied Powers); immediate cause: assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to Austrian throne) by a Serb on June 28, 1914
Triple Alliance, Triple Entente
the triple alliance was made up of germany, italy, and austria hungary and the triple entente was made up of russia france and great britain. Italy eventually switched sides to the tiple entante, which made up the majority of the world power
Countries of world war 1
France, Russia, Britain
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war.
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire
Allies
Great Britain, France, Russia
Eastern Front
In WWI, the region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.
Schlieffen Plan
Attack plan by Germans, proposed by Schliffen, lightning quick attack against France. Proposed to go through Belgium then attack France, Belgium resisted, other countries took up their aid, long fight, used trench warfare.
Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
1)stripped Germany of all military 2) Germany had to repair war damages($33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons.
Belgium in ww1
was used as a back door for germany after they conquered it but belgium had britan allies so english got into the war
Kaiser Wilhelm II
was the Kaiser of Germany at the time of the First World War reigning from 1888-1918. He pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy by means of colonies and a strong navy to compete with Britain. His actions added to the growing tensions in pre-1914 Europe.
Blank check
Germany swears to support Austria-Hungary in any actions it takes against Serbia
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria Hungary assassinated by a Serbian in 1914. His murder was one of the causes of WW I.
Emperor Franz Joseph
Last emperor in Austria-Hungary and he ruled from 1848-1916. He adopted liberal policies in Hungary and became king in 1867
WW1 Strategies
Tanks, poison gas, land mines to blow up trenches, advanced artillery, trench warfare
weapon that caused stalemate
machine gun
Gallipoli
A failed British offensive in Ottoman empire
Why did the U.S. enter World War I?
NAME?
militarism,
policy of building up strong armed forces to prepare for war
nationalism
pride in one’s country
imperialism
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.
armistice
a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms
reparations
payment for damages after a war
George Clemenceau
French prime minister in last years of WWI and during Versailles Conference of 1919. Pushed for heavy reparations from Germans. Wanted to make Germans suffer and help break Germany up.
Vittorio Orlando
He was the Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering the 14 points.
Lloyd George
British prime minister, although he was re-elected for his popular campaign of making Germany pay for the war, he ended up fighting the most for German interests in the Versailles Treaty because he feared communism
Marne
Germans had taken over the River and pushed back Britain and France in a series of attacks; Battle near paris that ended Germany’s hope of swift victory, the first battle of WWI happened where the French and British stopped the Germans and the Schlieffen Plan.
Verdun
A battle in WWI. Is considered some of the bloodiest fighting in WWI and the German offense was stopped; offensive battle on the western front initiated by Germany in which they hoped to crush France and taken them out of the war, however France was in a very good defensive position and French held it for 10 months. Nearly a million killed. French drew reserve troops from the Somme to help defend. No territory was gained; Battle in WWI that ended in massive casualties and had little direct result
Somme
A five-month offensive between July and November 1916 in the Somme river area in France. It began with a massive week-long British artillery barrage that proved futile, since the Germans just sheltered in their dug-outs until the shelling stopped, then machine-gunned waves of British troops who were crossing no-man’s land. On the first day alone the British lost 60,000 men. The battle ended in a stalemate, after torrential rain turned the trenches into a quagmire. There were more than 650,000 casualties on both sides, and although British had relieved the French at Verdun, they had only advanced about five miles.
Tannenburg
In 1914 during World War I a German army under the command of Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg won an important victory over two Russian armies in the Second Battle of Tannenberg who had invaded East Prussia.
