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Random Things I Want to Know > Landmark Cases > Flashcards

Landmark Cases Flashcards

1
Q

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

A

Does the segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprive the minority children of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the 14th Amendment? Yes.

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2
Q

Brown v. Board of Education

A

14th Amendment (segregation)

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3
Q

New York Times v. United States (1971)

A

Did the Nixon administration’s efforts to prevent the publication of what it termed “classified information” violate the First Amendment? Yes.

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4
Q

New York Times v. United States

A

1st Amendment (speech, press, and assembly) (newspaper)

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5
Q

Gideon v. Wainright (1963)

A

Did the state court’s failure to appoint counsel for Gideon violate his right to a fair trial and due process of law as protected by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments? Yes.

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6
Q

Gideon v. Wainright

A

6th Amendment, 14 Amendment Sect. 1

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7
Q

Korematsu v. United States (1944)

A

Can the government infringe on individual rights in its need to uphold national security? Yes.

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8
Q

Korematsu v. United States

A

5th Amendment, 8th Amendment, 14th Amendment, Executive order 9066

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9
Q

Texas v. Johnson (1987)

A

Is it unconstitutional to desecrate the US Flag? No.

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10
Q

Texas v. Johnson

A

1st Amendment (speech, protest, assembly)

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11
Q

New Jersey vs. TLO (1985)

A

Did the search of TLO’s bag violate the 4th and 14th amendments? No.

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12
Q

New Jersey vs. TLO

A

4th Amendment, 14th Amendment

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13
Q

Heart of Alabama v. The United States

A

Can Congress force private business to follow the Civil Rights Act of 1964? Yes (because they were serving people from different states)

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14
Q

Heart of Alabama v. The United States

A

Commerce Clause, Civil Rights Act of 1964

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15
Q

Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

A

Based on Georgia’s conviction laws, is the Capital Punishment a constitutional sentencing? Yes.

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16
Q

Gregg v. Georgia

A

8th Amendment, 14th Amendment

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17
Q

Citizens United v. FEC

A

Should corporations have the same free speech rights as people? Yes.

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18
Q

Citizens United v. FEC

A

First Amendment, campaign donation regulations

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19
Q

Roe v. Wade (1973)

A

Is restricting a woman’s right to abortion unconstitutional? Yes.

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20
Q

Roe v. Wade

A

9th Amendment, 14th Amendment

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21
Q

Gratz v. Bollinger

A

Does the use of racial preferences by the University of Michigan during its admission process violate the equal rights of the applicants? Yes.

22
Q

Gratz v. Bollinger

A

14th Amendment, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

23
Q

Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986)

A

Does the First Amendment prevent a school district from disciplining a high school student for giving a lewd speech at a high school assembly? No.

24
Q

Bethel School District v. Fraser

A

1st Amendment (speech, press, assembly) (schools)

25
Q

Reed v. Reed (1971)

A

Should a male be preferred over a female when the appointment of an administrator of estate is needed? No.

26
Q

Reed v. Reed

A

14th Amendment (genders)

27
Q

Schenck v. United States (1918)

A

Are Schenck’s actions (words, expression) protected by the First Amendment’s free speech clause? No.

28
Q

Schenck v. United States

A

1917 Espionage Act, 1st Amendment (drafts/times of war)

29
Q

Lemon v. Kurtzman

A

Is it constitutional for a state to reimburse Catholic School staff members for teaching secular subjects? No.

30
Q

Lemon v. Kurtzman

A

14th Amendment, 1st Amendment (Lemon Test)

31
Q

Boumediene v. Bush (2008)

A

Does the Military Commission Act of 2006 deny people at Guantanamo Bay the right to Habeas Corpus? Yes.

32
Q

Boumediene v. Bush

A

5th Amendment, 6th Amendment, 14th Amendment

33
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Did Congress have the authority to establish the bank? Did the Maryland law unconstitutionally interfere with congressional power? Yes. Yes.

34
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

Commerce clause (banks)

35
Q

Baker v. Carr (1962)

A

Does the Supreme Court have jurisdiction over questions of legislative apportionment (redistricting)? Yes.

36
Q

Baker v. Carr

A

14th Amendment, “political questions”

37
Q

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

A

Did the principal’s deletion of the articles violate the students’ rights under the First Amendment? No.

38
Q

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

A

1st Amendment (speech, press, and assembly), (school newpapers)

39
Q

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

A

Were the confiscated materials protected by the First Amendment? May evidence obtained through a search in violation of the Fourth Amendment be admitted in a state criminal proceeding? Ignored. No.

40
Q

Mapp v. Ohio

A

4th Amendment

41
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

A

Did the state of New York exercise authority, in the area of interstate commerce, reserved for Congress? Yes.

42
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

Commerce clause (interstate commerce)

43
Q

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

A

Does the reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violate the “establishment of religion” clause of the First Amendment?

44
Q

Engel v. Vitale

A

establishment of religion clause of the 1st Amendment, separation of church and state

45
Q

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

A

Can State limit your freedom of speech and writing (1st amendment)? Yes, when it is for treasonous overthrow, but the states have to abide by the Bill of Rights.

46
Q

Gitlow v. New York

A

1st Amendment, Bill of Rights

47
Q

South Dakota v. Dole (1987)

A

Can Congress withhold funds from the states if the states do not adopt federal policies? Yes.

48
Q

South Dakota v. Dole

A

Commerce clause, 21st Amendment (grants)

49
Q

Miller v. California

A

Is the sale and distribution of obscene materials by mail protected under the First Amendment’s freedom of speech guarantee? No.

50
Q

Miller v. California

A

1st Amendment (speech, press, and assembly) (obscenity)

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