WWI

Question 1

Archduke Ferdinand

Answer 1

Ausrto-Hungarian heir to the throne assassinated at Sarajevo in 1914: precipitated WWI

Question 2

Sarajevo

Answer 2

Administrative center of the Bosnian province of Austrian empire; assassination there of Archduke Ferdinand in 1914 started WWI

Question 3

Western Front

Answer 3

war line between Belgium and Switzerland during WWI; featured trench warfare and massive casualties among combatants

Question 4

Nicholas II

Answer 4

Russian tsar;(1894-1917); executed 1918

Question 5

Gallipoli

Answer 5

WWI battle, 1915; unsuccessful attempt in defense of the Dardanelles

Question 6

Armenian genocide

Answer 6

launched by Young Turk leaders in 1915; claimed up to one million lives

Question 7

Eastern Front

Answer 7

war zone from the Baltic to the Balkans where Germans, Austro-Hungarians,Russians, and Balkan nations fought

Question 8

Adolph Hitler

Answer 8

Nazi leader of fascist Germany from 1933 to 1945

Question 9

George Clemenceau

Answer 9

French premier desiring harsher peace terms for Germans

Question 10

David Lloyd George

Answer 10

British prime minister; attempted to mediate at peace conference between Clemenceau and Wilson

Question 11

Self-Determination

Answer 11

right of people in a region to determine whether to be independent

Question 12

League of Nations

Answer 12

international organization of nations created after WWI; designed to preserve world peace; the United States never joined

Question 13

National Congress Party

Answer 13

political party that grew from regional associations of Western educated Indians in 1885: dominated by elites: was the principal party throughout the colonial period and after independence

Question 14

B.G. Tilak

Answer 14

First populous leader in India; believed that Indian nationalist should be grounded in the Hindu majority; exiled by the British

Question 15

Morley-Minto Reform(1909)

Answer 15

provided Indians with expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and national legislative councils

Question 16

Rowlatt Act(1919)

Answer 16

placed severe restrictions on India civil rights; undercut impact of the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms

Question 17

Montagu-Chelmsford reform(1919)

Answer 17

increased national powers of Indian legislators and placed provincial administration under ministries controlled by India-elected legislatures

Question 18

Mohandas Gandhi:

Answer 18

Western-educated Indian lawyer and nationalist politician with many attributes of an Indian holy man; stressed nonviolent tactics and headed the movement for Indian independence

Question 19

Satyagraha

Answer 19

“truth force” Gandhi’s policy of nonviolent opposition to British rule

Question 20

Lord Cromer

Answer 20

British advisor to the Egyptian government; his reform program benefited the elite and foreign merchants, not the mass of Egyptians

Question 21

effendi

Answer 21

Prosperous business and professional urban Egyptians families; generally favored independence

Question 22

Dinshawi incident

Answer 22

1906 fracas between British soldiers and Egyptians villagers that resulted in an accidental Egyptian death; Egyptian protest led to harsh repression that stimulated nationalist sentiment

Question 23

Ataturk

Answer 23

also known as Mustafa Kemal president of Turkey (1923-1938)responsible for Westernization of Turkey

Question 24

Hussein

Answer 24

Sherif of Mecca supports British in WWI for promise of independence following the war

Question 25

Zionism

Answer 25

European Jewish movement of the 1860s and 1870 that argued that Jews return to their Holy Land; eventually identified with settlement in Palestine

Question 26

Balfour Declaration

Answer 26

British promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine

Question 27

Leon Pinsker

Answer 27

European Zionist who believed that Jewish acceptance in Christian nations was impossible argued for a return to the Jewish Holy Land

Question 28

Theodor Hertzl

Answer 28

Austrian Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897 was unsympathetic to Arabs and promoted Jewish immigration into Palestine to form a Jewish state

Question 29

Alfred Dreyfus

Answer 29

(1859-1935) French Jew, falsely accused of treason in 1894 acquitted 1906; his false conviction fueled zionism

Question 30

World Zionist Organization

Answer 30

founded by Theodor Herzl to promote Jewish migration to and settlement in Palestine to form a Zionist state

Question 31

Wafd Party

Answer 31

Egyptian nationalist party founded after WWI led by Sa’d Zaghlul participated in the negotiations that led to limited Egyptian independence in 1922

Question 32

Sa’d Zaghlul

Answer 32

leader of Egypt’s Wafd party; their negotiations with British led to limited Egyptian independence in 1922

Question 33

W. E. B. Du Bois and Marcus Garvey

Answer 33

African American leader with major impact on rising African nationalist

Question 34

pan-African

Answer 34

organization that brought together intellectuals and political leaders from areas of Africa and African diaspora before and after WWI

Question 35

negritude

Answer 35

literary movement among African American and Africans sought to combat unfavorable stereotypes of African culture and to celebrate African achievements; influenced early African nationalist movement

Question 36

Mandates

Answer 36

Government entrusted to victorious European WWI nation over the colonies of the defeated powers