Biology AP Unit 4 #1-33 Flashcards
Light Microscope (LM)-
An optical instrument with lenses that refract visible light to magnify images of specimens
Organelles-
Any of several kinds of membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells
Electron Microscope-
A microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)-
A microscope that passes an electron beam through very thin sections stained with metal atoms used to study internal ultra structure of cells
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-
A microscope that uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a sample, coated with metal atoms, to study details of its topography
Cell Fractionation-
The disruption of a cell and separation of its parts by centrifugation at successively higher speeds
Cytosol-
The semifluid portion of the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell-
Cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
Prokaryotic Cell-
Cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles
Nucleoid-
A non-membrane-enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosomes is located
Cytoplasm-
Content of the cell enclosed by the plasma membrane in eukaryotes, the portion exclusive of the nucleus
Plasma Memebrane-
The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cells chemical composition
Nucleus-
An atoms central core containing protons and neutrons contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes
Nuclear Envelope-
In a eukaryotic cell, the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus perforated with pores that regulate traffic with cytoplasm.
Nuclear Lamina-
A netlike array of protein filaments that lines the inner surface of the nuclear envelope helping maintain the shape of the nucleus
Chromosomes-
A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protein molecules.
Chromatin-
The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.
Nucleolus-
A specialized structure in the nucleus consisting ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins imported form the cytoplasm
Ribosomes-
A complex rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
Endomembrane System-
The collection of membranes inside the surrounding a eukaryotic cell, related either through dircet physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles
Vesicles-
A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum-
An extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded and ribosome-free regions
Smooth ER-
That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes
Rough ER-
That portion of endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached
Glycoproteins-
A protein with one or more convalently attached carbohydrates
Transport Vesiclces-
Small membranous sac in the eukaryotic cells cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell
Golgi Apparatus-
An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sac that modify, store and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum and synthesize some products like carbohydrates
Lysosomes-
A sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in teh cytoplams of animal cells and some protists
Phagocytosis-
A endocytosis where large particulate substances or small organism are taken up by a cell and carried out by some protists
Vacuoles-
Membrane bounded vesicles whose specialized funciton varies in different kinds of cells
Food Vacuoles-
A membrane sac formed by phagocytosis of microorganism or particles to be used as food by the cell
Contractile Vacuoles-
A membrane sac that helps move excesses water out of certain freshwater protists
Central Vacuole-
In a mature plant cell a large membranous sac with diverse roles in growth storage and sequestration of toxic substances
