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USA > WW2 Economic Impact > Flashcards

WW2 Economic Impact Flashcards

1
Q

What policy had kept the USA out of the affairs of other countries?

A

Isolationism after WW1

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2
Q

What had the USA concentrated on after WW1?

A

Building its economy and strong trade links

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3
Q

What did FDR say in October 1937?

A

Peace loving nations should break of relations with aggressive nations
He was referring to Germany, Italy and Japan which had been taking over other nations in Europe, Africa and the Far East

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4
Q

When did America declare support for Britain and France against Germany and its allies?

A

September 1939

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5
Q

Why was FDR concerned about Japan?

A

It’s aggressiveness in the Far East where America did trade and controlled large areas of land

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6
Q

When did the USA begin to help Britain and France against Germany?

A

November 1939

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7
Q

The Cash and Carry Plan

A

America sold Britain and France US weapons, which created valuable production jobs at a time of rising unemployment

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8
Q

When did the Lend Lease start? When did the USA strike a similar deal with the USSR?

A

March 1941 to Britain

June 1941 after Nazi invasion

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9
Q

What was the Lend Lease?

A

America started to lend weapons to Britain and then to the USSR when Germany attacked it

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10
Q

Who had been wary of Roosevelt during the New Deal but cooperated with him during the war?

A

Industrialists

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11
Q

By 1945, how much was spent on the war?

A

$250 million per day

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12
Q

How had military budgets increased from 1940 to 1941?

A

4 times that of 1940 in 1941

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13
Q

What did Roosevelt set up in 1942?

A

War Production Board

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14
Q

Who was in charge of the War Production Board?

A

Industrialist William Knusden

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15
Q

What came as a result of the War Production Board?

A

80% of military contacts went to just 100 firms

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16
Q

How many planes were produced between 1941 and 45?

A

300,000

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17
Q

How many tanks were produced between 1941-45?

A

100,000

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18
Q

How many artillery pieces were produced between 1941-45?

A

370,000

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19
Q

How many guns were produced between 1941-45?

A

20 million

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20
Q

How many rounds of ammunition were produced between 1941-45?

A

44 billion

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21
Q

By 1945, how what were shipbuilders producing each day?

A

A cargo ship

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22
Q

How many machine guns did the USA produce?

A

2.6 million

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23
Q

How many warships did the USA produce?

A

86,000

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24
Q

When did unemployment disappear?

A

1942

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25
Q

Why had unemployment disappeared by 1942?

A

Everyone had found a job either in the army or working towards the war effort

26
Q

How did GNP increase?

A

$90 billion in 1939 to $170 billion in 1945

27
Q

How much did the amount of money workers had to spend on consumer goods increase by?

A

50%

28
Q

How much did prices grow by?

A

31%

29
Q

How much did workers contribute to the war effort by buying war bonds?

A

$130

30
Q

How many workers were there in factories?

A

14 million

31
Q

How many extra workers did General Motors take on during the war?

A

750,000

32
Q

How many workers migrated from the rural south to places like California?

A

4 million

33
Q

How much did Britain receive from the USA through the lend lease?

A

$30 billion

34
Q

When did the lend lease extend to USSR?

A

November 1941

35
Q

How much were the USSR given in the lend lease?

A

$11 billion

36
Q

How many tanks did the USSR receive?

A

7000

37
Q

How many aircraft did the USSR receive?

A

19,000

38
Q

How many jeeps did the USSR receive?

A

400,000

39
Q

What resources were China, France and other nations receiving through the lend lease?

A

Arms, food, medicine and other equipment

40
Q

How much in total was shipped?

A

$50 billion

41
Q

What did the production of goods stimulate?

A

US economy and the cycle of prosperity

42
Q

Between 1939 and 1944, how had unemployment dropped?

A

From 9.5 million to just 670,000

43
Q

How much did farm income grow by?

A

250%

44
Q

What did the value of farms grow to?

A

$20 billion

45
Q

Between 1940-44, how many black Americans moved to cities?

A

5 million

46
Q

How many black Americans found work in armament factories?

A

2 million

47
Q

How did the number of black Americans working for the government rise?

A

50,000 in 1939 to 200,000 by 1944

48
Q

What was set up to prevent discrimination against African Americans in defence and government jobs?

A

The Fair Employment Practice Committee

49
Q

When was the Fair Employment Practice Committee set up?

A

June 1941

50
Q

How did the FEPC make some companies improve their polices in relation to African American workers?

A

It recommended that they didn’t receive profitable government contracts

51
Q

How was there discrimination in the armed services?

A

Black sailors only allowed to work in ships’ kitchens
Black soldiers not allowed to train as officers
Initially the air force wouldn’t train black pilots

52
Q

How did the racial barriers begin to break down as the war went on?

A

Air force allowed African Americans to train as pilots (but only in black only squadrons)
All of the armed services trained black officers (but they could only lead other black soldiers in segregated units)
African American women permitted to become nurses (but could only treat black soldiers)

53
Q

How many Native Americans joined the army?

A

75,000

54
Q

How many businesses closed in 1942? Why was this?

A

300,000 they didn’t have government contracts to produce for the war effort

55
Q

How many businesses were set up during the war?

A

500,000

56
Q

Examples of new businesses set up during the war?

A

Coca Cola- supplied US troops

Wrigley’s - packaged rations for soldiers and included chewing gum in the rations

57
Q

Why did farmers prosper?

A

Supplied food to the military

58
Q

How did trade union membership grow?

A

From 11 million in 1941 to 15 million by 1945

59
Q

What did the National War Labor Board restrict?

A

Wage rises during the war saying they shouldn’t be over 15% of wages in January 1941
Wages did rise however

60
Q

What group went on strike as a result of the restricted wage rises? When was this?

A

Miners

1943

61
Q

What was introduced?

A

Paid holidays

Health insurance schemes

USA (42 decks)

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