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WW2 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Blitzkrieg?

A

1939-40

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2
Q

What does Blitzkrieg mean

A

lightning war

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3
Q

What is the key element of Blitzkrieg

A

speed and surprise combined with advanced weaponry

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4
Q

What were the main components of Blitzkrieg

A

Tanks/Infantry
Planes/paratroopers
Artillery
Quick communcation

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5
Q

Where was the Blitzkrieg used

A

mostly in the continent of Europe

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6
Q

What and why did the Germans take advantage of in Western Europe?

A

They took full advantage of the roads and rail system to quickly move in tanks and troops

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7
Q

Who was involved in the Blitzkrieg

A

Heinz Guderian and Gerd Von Rundstedht

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8
Q

Who is General Heinz Guderian

A

Architect of the Blitzkrieg

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9
Q

Who is General Gerd Von Rundstedht

A

Commander of the French invasion

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10
Q

Why did Germany invade countries in Europe?

A

They invaded as a part of the Nazi strategy for Lebensraum, or living space, and to provide Germany with resources

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11
Q

Where was Blitzkrieg first used

A

Poland

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12
Q

When was Blitzkrieg first used

A

September 1939

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13
Q

How effective were the Blitzkrieg techniques in Poland?

A

They were so effective that the main Polish forces were defeated at Warsaw(capital of Poland) and Poland fell in a matter of weeks

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14
Q

Who did Germany invade Poland with?

A

Soviet Union

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15
Q

How long did Germany stop the Blitzkrieg after the invasion of Poland? What was it called

A

6 months
Phony War

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16
Q

Where did Germany invade after Poland? When

A

Denmark and Norway in 1940.

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17
Q

What is the capital of Norway

A

Oslo

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18
Q

What was Germany’s problem with attacking France?

A

They needed to get around the Maginot line.
A defensive wall that protected the French borders

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19
Q

How did Germany attack France

A

They attacked through the Ardennes forest and went around the Maginot line. They were taken by surprise and overrun by the Germans

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20
Q

When did Germany attack France

A

1940s

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21
Q

When did Germany defeat France and Belgium, invade Holland(Netherlands) and have the British on the run?

A

Late May 1940

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22
Q

What happened with the British army and evacuation?

A

The British army was completely surrounded but was miraculously able to evacuate most of the troops at Dunkirk in France

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23
Q

When did the French surrender?

A

early June 1940

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24
Q

How long was France an occupied country under oppressive German rule?

A

4 years

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25
Q

What was Germany’s plan to invade Britain called?

A

Operation Sea Lion

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26
Q

What was Germany’s plan to invade Britain

A

A sea invasion after the Luftwaffe(German air forces) defeated the RAF(British air forces)

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27
Q

What happened in Britain because of their quick defeat in France?

A

Prime Minister Chamberlain was forced to resign

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28
Q

Who was Britain’s new Prime Minister?

A

Winston Churchill. He became a significant leader in WW2 and a strong symbol of British resistance to the Nazis

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29
Q

What was the significance of the Blitzkrieg

A

It showed the world that a new type of warfare could be very effective and avoid trench warfare
The Blitzkrieg gave Hitler a quick and decisive victory and allowed him to dominate most of Europe for the next 5 years

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30
Q

What kind of posting was Hong Kong considered for the Canadians?

A

Hong Kong was considered one of the safest and cushiest postings for Canadians.

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31
Q

What was Hong Kong’s connection to Britain?

A

Hong Kong was a British colony.

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32
Q

How many soldiers did Canada send to Hong Kong?

A

Canada sent two battalions with 2,000 soldiers to Hong Kong.

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33
Q

How long did the voyage to Hong Kong last?

A

The voyage to Hong Kong lasted 3 weeks.

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34
Q

What exactly was the Gin drinker’s line?

A

The Gin Drinkers line was an 18km defensive line built by the British to hold off attacks for 2 weeks.

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35
Q

How long had Hong Kong been under threat of a Japanese invasion?

A

Hong Kong had been under threat of a Japanese invasion for more than four years.

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36
Q

What did success for the Japanese in Hong Kong depend on?

A

The Japanese depended on them seizing the high grounds for success.

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37
Q

What was unusual about John Osborn compared to the rest of the Canadian recruits? What did he do and receive for his heroism?

A

He was a WW1 veteran. He jumped on a grenade shielding everyone from the explosion. He received a Victoria Cross

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38
Q

What geographic significance was the Wong Nai Chung gap?

A

The Wong Nai Chung gap was geographically significant because it was the most important for strategic positions for controlling access and troop positions. It also divided Hong Kong in 2

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39
Q

What problem occurred for the Canadians at the most crucial stage of the battle in Hong Kong?

A

The problem that occurred for Canadians at the most crucial stage of the battle was that their leader got killed so they had no commands.

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40
Q

What did the Japanese do to captured prisoners?

A

The Japanese brought the captured prisoners to a cliff, roped together and would shoot them. They faced brutal torture, forced labor and execution.

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41
Q

Where were prisoners from Hong Kong shipped? What were they used for?

A

Prisoners were shipped to Japan. They were used for slave labor.

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42
Q

What did the Japanese propaganda film describe the new era of Hong Kong as?

A

An era of peace and happiness

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43
Q

What did the video describe the aftermath of the Hong Kong disaster for the allies as?

A

The darkest hour of war

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44
Q

Why did people in BC fear that Japan may target them for invasion?

A

People in BC feared that Japan may target them for invasion because of the suddenness of the Japanese attacks, the number of their targets and the ease of their victories.

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45
Q

How many people of Japanese descent lived in BC? How did they make their living?

A

22,000 people of Japanese descent lived in BC. They made their living by working on railways, mines and lumber camps. Later on, they made their living by fishing, market gardening and small businesses.

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46
Q

How were Japanese discriminated against in Canadian society?

A

The Japanese were discriminated against and targeted by anti-Asian rioting, denied the right to vote, teach, take jobs in the civil service and other professions.

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47
Q

What were the Japanese seen as by most suspicious Canadians?

A

The Japanese were seen as spies and enemy aliens trying to destroy Canada for Japan.

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48
Q

Under what law did the government put the Japanese into internment camps?

A

The Government put the Japanese into internment camps under the War Measures Act and Defence of Canada Regulations.

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49
Q

Where were the Japanese internees sent? What did the government do to the Japanese Canadian’s property?

A

The internees were sent to camps in the interior of British Columbia. The Japanese had to give their property to the government for safekeeping but the government just auctioned off their belongings and properties.

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50
Q

What happened to 4000 Japanese internees after the war?

A

They were deported to Japan

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51
Q

How many women worked in munitions plants in Canada during the war?

A

More than 260,000 women worked in munition plants.

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52
Q

What were 2 nicknames given to the new female factory workers?

A

2 nicknames given to the new female factory workers are “the Bren Girl” or “Rosie the Riveter”

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53
Q

Besides industry, how else did women contribute to the war effort?

A

Farming

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54
Q

What did Mackenzie King say about conscription at the beginning of the war?

A

Mackenzie King said that no Canadians would be conscripted and forced to fight against their will.

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55
Q

What national event did King hold to free him from his promise?

A

The national event that King held to free him from his promise is a plebiscite. He asked Canadians if they wanted to release the government from their pledge on conscription.

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56
Q

How did King confusingly sum up his position on conscription? What effect did conscription have on the nation?

A

King confusingly summed up his position on conscription by saying “Not necessarily conscription, but conscription if necessary.” The conscription made some people, primarily people from Quebec, angry and riot.

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57
Q

When did the Holocaust happen

A

1933-1945

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58
Q

Where did the Holocaust happen

A

Europe

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59
Q

Who were the victims of the Holocaust

A

Anyone that German thought were lesser than them. “Undesirables” = Jews, Roma(Gypsies), Slavs, Communists, homosexuals, disabled people, Jehovah’s Witnesses

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60
Q

What happened to the victims of the Holocaust

A

They were murdered by mobile killing units or sent to concentration camps(like Auschwitz, Dachau, Bergen Belsen)

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61
Q

What did victims of the Holocaust do in concentration camps?

A

They were worked to death.

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62
Q

What was Germany’s “Final Solution” for their Jewish problem

A

Their final solution was to murder the Jews in death camps with poison gas

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63
Q

Why did the Holocaust happen

A

Because of hitler’s ideas and hatred of the Jews

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64
Q

What was the significance of the Holocaust

A

One of the biggest genocides in human history
One of the reasons that Germany lost WW2(it wasted a lot of man power and resources which resulted in no advantage for Germany)

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65
Q

When was the Battle of the Atlantic

A

1939-1945

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66
Q

Where did the Battle of the Atlantic take place

A

Atlantic Ocean

67
Q

Who was involved in the Battle of the Atlantic

A

British, Canadian and USA Navies against the German Navy

68
Q

What did Canada do in the Battle of the Atlantic

A

Supple Britain with food, weapons, troops, etc to keep it alive in WW2

69
Q

What did the Germans use in the Battle of the Atlantic. What did they do?

A

They used Uboats to try and sink as many supply ships as possible

70
Q

What did the allies use in the Battle of the Atlantic? What did they do

A

They used convoys (groups of smaller ships) protected by smaller ships called corvettes

71
Q

What is a group of smaller ships called?

A

Convoys

72
Q

What are smaller ships called

A

Corvettes

73
Q

What did the corvettes do

A

The corvettes used SONAR(sound waves in the water) called ASDIC to find the subs and blew them up with depth charges or hedgehogs

74
Q

What is the significance of the Battle of the Atlantic?

A

The allies won and kept Britain alive in the war.
It was the longest continuous area of conflict in WW2

75
Q

When did the Battle of Britain happen

A

1940

76
Q

Why did the Battle of Britain happen

A

Hitler wanted to invade Britain by sea(Operation Sea Lion) but he needed to have air superiority over Britain first.

77
Q

What is the German airforce called

A

Luftwaffe

78
Q

What is the British air force called

A

RAF(Royal air force)

79
Q

What happened in the Battle of Britain

A

At first the Germans were successful and destroyed many airbases by bombing but PM Churchill decided to bomb Berlin in response.
Hitler changed the strategy of targeting only airbases and now started bombing cities like London, Liverpool and Birmingham.
This was a bad move and the RAF used radar stations to anticipate German attacks and began to defeat them by shooting down German bombers and their escorts.

80
Q

What was the bombing of cities called?

A

Blitz

81
Q

What were the British planes called?

A

Spitfires and Hurricanes

82
Q

What was the significance of the Battle of Britain

A

The RAF defeated the Luftwaffe and kept Britain alive in WW2
Operation Sea Lion was cancelled

83
Q

When did Operation Barbarossa happen

A

1941

84
Q

Where did Operation Barbarossa happen

A

Russia

85
Q

Why did Operation Barbarossa happen

A

Hitler wanted Russia’s resources, living space and to destroy “Jewish communism”

86
Q

Where did Germany invade during Operation Barbarossa

A

Leningrad, Minsk, Moscow in the north and Kiev in the south

87
Q

Where did Germany capture in Operation Barbarossa? Where were they unable to capture?

A

Captured Kiev and Minsk
Unable to capture Moscow and Leningrad(Besieged for a year)

88
Q

What slowed the Germans down in Operation Barbarossa

A

Russians mounted a massive counterattack and the Russian winter started slowing down the Germans

89
Q

What happened in 1942 Operation Barbarossa?

A

Germans tried to take Stalingrad but were slowed down by heavy urban warfare. Once the winter set in, the Germans were worn down and defeated.

90
Q

How many German soldiers were taken prisoner in Operation Barbarossa

A

Almost 10,000

91
Q

When did WW2 start

A

September 1 1939

92
Q

Where was the last attempt by Germany to defeat the USSR? Operation Barbarossa

A

Kursk

93
Q

What happened in Germany’s last attempt to defeat the USSR? Operation Barbarossa

A

A massive tank battle where hundreds of German and Russian tanks fought. In the end Germany was defeated by the huge number of new Soviet tanks

94
Q

Significance of Operation Barbarossa

A

Massive defeat for the Germans in WW2(huge loss of arms and men)
A bad decision by Hitler that led to their defeat in WW2
Created a 2 front war (the worst scenario for Germans)

95
Q

When was the Pearl Harbor Attack?

A

December 7th 1941

96
Q

Who was involved in the Pearl Harbor Attack

A

Japan and America

97
Q

Where did the Japanese attack during the Pearl Harbor Attack

A

Pearl harbor, a US Naval base

98
Q

What was Japan’s strategy for the Pearl Harbor Attack

A

Take out the US Navy in the Pacific so they could expand their empire

99
Q

What did the Japanese do during the Pearl Harbor Attack

A

Japan attacked using torpedo bombers launched from aircraft carriers and sank several US ships, destroy parts of the base and kill thousands of troops.

100
Q

Significance on the Pearl Harbor Attack

A

Huge victory for Japan and allowed them to expand their empire towards Australia
Provoked the USA to join WW2, Japan’s ally, Germany, also declared war on the USA

101
Q

When did the Raid on Dieppe happen

A

August 1942

102
Q

Who was involved in the Raid on Dieppe

A

Canada, Britain and some USA troops vs Germany

103
Q

Why did the Allies want to raid Dieppe?

A

To gain intel and sabotage the German coastal defenses. They also wanted to take some prisoners and capture the German Enigma coding machine

104
Q

What happened during the Raid on Dieppe

A

As the Allies crossed the English channel, they were discovered by a German force.
When they attacked on the beach, they were met with fierce German resistance. Many people were killed and their tanks could not get off the beach. They were forced to withdraw after suffering many casualties. No enigma was captured

105
Q

How many casualties were there in the Raid on Dieppe

A

907 killed
2460 wounded
1946 captured

106
Q

Significance on the Raid on Dieppe

A

Huge defeat for the allies, especially Canada
Big operation for Canadians but was very badly planed by the British and poorly executed
Major lessons were learned and used later for D-Day

107
Q

When was the Battle of Ortona?

A

December 1943

108
Q

Where did the Battle of Ortona take place

A

Ortona, Italy

109
Q

What was Canada in charge of during the Battle of Ortona

A

Taking the deep water port of Ortona which also opened the road to Rome

110
Q

What happened in the Battle of Ortona?

A

Canada faced tough German defenses and had to commit to house to house urban warfare to defeat the Germans. They were forced to blow holes in the walls between the townhouses(called “Mouseholding”)

111
Q

How did the Battle of Ortona end

A

Canadians were able to defeat the German force and take the town

112
Q

How many casualties were there in the Battle of Ortona for Canada

A

1374 killed and 964 wounded

113
Q

Significance of the Battle of Ortona

A

Showed that Canada was an excellent fighting force
Huge victory for Canada but many casualties

114
Q

When D-Day happen

A

June 6 1944

115
Q

Who was involved in D-Day

A

USA, Britain and Canada vs Germany

116
Q

What was D-Day?

A

The Allies’ invasion of the beaches of Normandy

117
Q

What did the Allies do before D-Day

A

Sent paratroopers to drop behind enemy lines to disrupt German defenses

118
Q

What happened in D-Day?

A

In the morning, battleships pounded the French coast with their guns
The Allies crossed the English channel and attacked the beaches using amphibious landing craft.

119
Q

What did the Allies do to differentiate the beaches? D-Day

A

They were codenamed.
Britain attacked at Sword and Gold Beaches
USA attacked at Omaha and Utah beaches
Canada attacked at Juno beach

120
Q

Which beaches had ferocious German defense? D-Day

A

Juno and Omaha

121
Q

How did D-Day end?

A

Many casualties but the allies took all the beaaches

122
Q

Significance of D-Day

A

Massive victory for the Allies
Germany was forced to fight on 3 fronts(Russia, Italy and France)
Signaled the beginning of the end for Germany in WW2

123
Q

What 3 fronts were the Germans fighting?

A

Russia, Italy and France

124
Q

When did the war in the Pacific start?

A

December of 1941

125
Q

When did the Japanese spread their empire as far south as New Guinea

A

Middle of 1942

126
Q

Where did the Japanese conquer?

A

Philippines, Indonesia, Malaya(Now part of Malaysia), Singapore and many small islands throughout the Pacific

127
Q

What did the USA know about their fight in the Pacific about Japan. What was this style of fighting called?

A

They would have to conquer every single Japanese held piece of land because the Japanese army would never surrender. It was called Island hopping

128
Q

When was the major turning point in the Pacific War?

A

June 1942

129
Q

What was the major turning point in the Pacific War

A

The USA tricked the Japanese into a huge naval battle

130
Q

Where did the major turning point in the Pacific war happen

A

Near the island of Midway

131
Q

What happened in the major turning point in the Pacific War

A

The USA defeated the Japanese and sank many aircraft carriers and ships, severely limiting the Japanese navy from helping its ground forces

132
Q

What were the USA able to do after the Midway battle?

A

Defeated the Japanese at Guadalcanal island in the Solomon islands

133
Q

When did the USA assassinate the Japanese General Yamamoto?

A

1943

134
Q

How did the US assassinate General Yamamoto

A

By shooting down his plane

135
Q

Who did the US assassinate in the Pacific War

A

General Yamamoto

136
Q

When did the USA reconquer the Philippines

A

1945

137
Q

What happened with the Japanese soldier who kept fighting even after the war?

A

Hiroo Onada remained in the Philippine jingle until 1974. He surrendered to Ferdinand Marcos the Philippine president

138
Q

What did the US do after conquering the Philippines?

A

Kept island hopping but sustained heavy casualties

139
Q

What did the Japanese do to attack American ships?

A

“Kamikaze” missions were suicide missions where pilots would fly explosive filled planes into American ships. They inflicted damage but were a failure.

140
Q

When did the US invade Japan

A

1945

141
Q

Where did the Americans invade in Japan

A

the southernmost islands of Japan, Iwo Jima and Okinawa

142
Q

What happened in the 2 battles to invade Japan?

A

High casualty rates because Japanese civilians fought the USA to the death too

143
Q

What did the US do after seizing the islands close to Japan?

A

Relentless bombing where several cities were almost completely destroyed and thousands of Japanese people were killed

144
Q

When did the US use the atomic bomb

A

August 1945

145
Q

How long was the end of the war in Europe?

A

1944-1945

146
Q

When were the Germans defeated and Mussolini removed from office in Italy?

A

April 1945

147
Q

What did Mussolini try to do after being removed from office?

A

Tried to escape to Spain but captured by Italian partisans who executed him, his mistress and his ministers. Their bodies were publicly displayed which ended the Fascist presence in Italy

148
Q

What happened to the Germans in Western Europe?

A

The Germans had been overrun in France and Paris had been liberated. The allies then pushed into the Netherlands

149
Q

What did the Canadian army do to the Dutch?

A

They liberated the Dutch(Netherlands and Belgium) from the 5 year German oppression they had suffered. They also played a key role in the Scheldt campaign in the western Netherlands

150
Q

What happened in the Scheldt campaign?

A

Canadians faced fierce resistance but were able to defeat the Germans taking the rest of Netherlands

151
Q

When did the Battle of the Bulge happen

A

December 1944

152
Q

What was the Battle of the Bulge

A

He gambled to defeat the allies by launching a surprise attack through the Ardennes Forest. It did really well at first and the American troops were defeated and taken prisoner. But they managed to reorganize themselves and fought a fierce and bloody counterattack. The Americans overwhelmed the Germans and won the winter battle.

153
Q

When was Germany on their last legs?

A

Spring 1945

154
Q

Why were the Germans on their last legs

A

Russians were attacking in the East
British, Canadian and Americans in the west

155
Q

Who took Berlin first? Why?

A

Russians surrounded Berlin first because they wanted to be the first to capture the city and Hitler.

156
Q

What did Hitler do while Berlin was being taken?

A

He stayed in his fortified bunker deep below Berlin and ordered Germany to fight to the last man

157
Q

What did Hitler do at the end because of the hopeless situation

A

He committed suicide with his mistress and several other high ranking Nazis

158
Q

What is VE day? When is it?

A

May 8th 1945
Victory in Europe day

159
Q

What did the Allies do with Germany?

A

Divided it into 4 different occupation zones called the Yalta agreement
Britain in the northwest
America in the south
France in the southwest
Russia in the northeast
A wall eventually divided the city between the communist and democratic zones

160
Q

Where were high ranking Nazis in the German government and the armed forces put on trial?

A

Nuremberg where many were sentenced to death

161
Q

What is Lebensraum?

A

Living space(Germany taking over land to be bigger)

162
Q

What is anschluss

A

Germany and Austria uniting

163
Q

What was Germany’s ground force

A

Wehrmacht

164
Q

What was Germany’s navy?

A

Kriegsmarine

History (6 decks)

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