History exam 2 Flashcards
How many provinces and territories was Canada during the TOC?
7 provinces 1 territory and several districts.
Alberta and Saskatchewan did not exist
Newfoundland was a British colony
How was Canada’s economy during the TOC?
Mostly primary (farming, fishing, etc.)
There was some manufacturing in Eastern Canada(esp railroads)
What was Canada’s government like during the TOC?
Parliamentary democracy with 2 main parties(Liberals and Conservatives)
When was Laurier PM?
1896-1911
(15 years)
How were aboriginal rights during the TOC?
Natives in Canada were forced to live on reserves, go to residential white schools and could not vote. The government wanted to assimilate them.
How was immigration during the TOC?
Racist. Non whites and non Christians were denied entry or taxed heavily.
How were womens rights during the TOC?
Women in 1900 had no legal rights. Could not vote and were not considered legal “persons”. Women who argued for the vote (suffrage) were called “Suffragettes”.
What was some new technology during the TOC?
electricity, cars, the telephone and the radio.
French and English relations during the TOC?
In 1900 the French in Canada were demanding more rights. French and English disagreed on most issues.
What was the entertainment during the TOC?
There was no TV or movies at this time. Families entertained themselves by playing piano, going to plays and dances.
How was fashion during the TOC?
Fashion was very formal in 1900, little skin was shown. Hats were very common.
Education during the TOC?
Education in 1900 was compulsory for children but only till the age of 12.
Foreign relations during the TOC?
Canada’s foreign policy was controlled by Britain at this time. Usually Canada waited for Britain to make a decision and followed the lead.
Sports during the TOC
Sports participation was not widespread in 1900. Richer Canadians played hockey, football and curling.
Who was involved in the Boer war?
British, Canada, Boers (Dutch South Africans)
Where did the Boer war take place?
South Africa
When did the Boer war take place
1899-1902
Why did the Boer war start?
A fight over gold and resources
What happened during the Boer war?
A war between Britain and the Boers over control of South Africa. Britain wanted Canada to send troops to help. Laurier compromised and sent a volunteer force to fight. French Canadians are angry (don’t want to support Britain), British Canadians are angry because they have let down empire. Eventually the British defeated the Boers.
Significance of the Boer war
- Canada showed it could act independently in foreign policy.
- Shows Laurier’s ability to compromise between French and English in Canada.
- Shows a deep division between English and French Canadians.
- Canada’s first foreign war.
Who was involved in The Alaskan Boundary Dispute
Britain, US, Canada
When did The Alaskan Boundary Dispute happen
1897-1903
Where did The Alaskan Boundary Dispute happen
Alaskan Panhandle
What was The Alaskan Boundary Dispute about
A dispute over who owned the land
Why did The Alaskan Boundary Dispute happen
Gold was discovered in the Yukon, USA wanted control over this area to control access.
How did the Alaskan Boundary dispute end?
A tribunal was held and the British lord Alverstone sided with the USA. USA got the land
Significance of the Alaskan boundary dispute
- Many Canadians were angry and felt betrayed by Britain. Canada started to demand control over foreign policy.
- Shows that the USA was a big threat to Canada at this point in history.
- Canada starts to assert more control over its affairs.
Who was involved in the Naval Crisis
Britain and Canada
When did the Naval Crisis happen
1910
Why did the Naval crisis happen?
A dispute over support for Britain and their empire
What happened during the Naval crisis
Britain wanted Canada to pay for more ships for the British navy so it could compete with the threat of a German navy in Europe.
How did the Naval crisis end?
How? Laurier says no, but buys old British ships and creates a new Canadian navy that will help Britain in any future war.
Significance of the Naval Crisis
- Creation of a Canadian navy shows that Canada is independent.
- Once again, French were against support of Britain, English Canada was in favor. Divided country.
- Laurier was shown as a skilled compromiser.
Who was involved in the Reciprocity Debate?
Canada and the US
Where did the Reciprocity Debate happen?
Canada and the US
When did the Reciprocity Debate happen?
1910-1911
Why did the Reciprocity Debate happen
Laurier wanted free trade with the USA for Canadian products and natural resources. His opponents were against this.
What was the Reciprocity Debate about
A debate about free trade
(trade without tariffs).
How did the Reciprocity Debate end
In the 1911 election, Laurier lost and free trade was defeated. Free trade didn’t happen until 1988.
Significance of the Reciprocity Debate?
- Laurier loses election and is out as PM.
- Reciprocity is defeated and free trade doesn’t happen with USA for another 77 years.
What was Laurier’s immigration policy’s 2 goals
- Fill the empty prairies with immigrants to prevent American expansion
- Provide a new workforce for Canada’s growing industrial sector in central Canada
Immigration push factors
Poor economic conditions
High unemployment, lack of opportunity
Rigid social order in Europe (hard to be successful).
Religious, political discrimination.
Overcrowding
Immigration pull factors
Free land(160 acres)
Lots of jobs
Religious freedom and political stability
Social order in Canada was not as harsh as Europe
Open door policy
racist and discriminatory based on religion
only wanted english speaking immigrants
eventually allowed non english speaking immigrants
2 million people arrived
in 1910 the immigration act changed to english speaking immigrants
created the new provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan
What, according to the Premier of Manitoba, made women unsuitable to vote in elections?
They were emotional and would be a menace rather than an aid.
What was the goal of the Woman’s temperance movement?
Their goal was to make prohibition laws banning the sale of alcohol and to allow women to vote.
What province was the first to give women the vote?
The province that was first to give women the ability to vote was Manitoba
What group in Canada put pressure on Laurier in favour of free trade (reciprocity)?
The group in Canada that put pressure on Laurier were farmers.
Who from Laurier’s own party turned against him in the free trade debate?
Clifford Sifton is the person from Laurier’s own party who turned against him in the free trade debate
Who became Prime minister in 1911?
Robert Borden became the Prime minister in 1911
Militarism
The belief that your armed forces can solve all of your country’s issues or problems.
Militarism in WW1
Britain and Germany were in an arms race to see who had the best military.
What is an Alliance system
A system of mutual protection between countries to defend/attack other countries.
Alliance system in WW1
Triple Alliance (Germany, AH, Italy) VS Triple Entente (Britain, France and Russia)
Imperialism
The gaining of control by one country over another country’s territory, economy, government and resources. Building an empire.
Imperialism in WW1
Britain, France had huge empires. Germany wanted a bigger empire.
Nationalism
The belief that your country’s culture, religion, language, way of life was superior to other countries.
Nationalism in WW1
Each country in Europe wanted to show its superiority to others. War was the best way to do it.
What does MAIN stand for?
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
British militarism?
They were increasing their armed forces and navy.
Dreadnoughts were a new class of battleship for the British Navy. Britain tried to pressure Canada to donate to this new navy in 1910 but Laurier faced great opposition. He compromised and brought some old and obsolete British ships and created the Canadian Navy. Laurier critics called it a tin pot navy
Where did the assassination take place
Bosnia Herzegovina(Sarajevo)
When was the assassination ww1
June 1914
Who was involved in the assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the black hand terrorist group
Gavrillo Princip (the assassin)
What happened after the assassination?
AH was furious and demanded justice from Serbia. They sent an ultimatum to Serbia with a list of almost impossible demands. Serbia could not meet all of them and AH declared war. The Serbs were supported by their Slavic allies Russia and war began all over Europe.
Leader of Germany
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Leader of Austria Hungary
Emperor Franz Joseph I
Leader of Russia
Czar Nicholas II
Leader of Britain
PM H.H. Asquith
Leader of France
President Raymond Poincare
Leader of Ottoman Empire
Sultan Mehmed V Ottoman
Leader of Canada during WW1
PM Robert Borden
Leader of US
President Woodrow Wilson
When was WW1 declared
August 1914
Where were the 2 fronts fought?
Western - Belgium and France
Eastern - Russia and Eastern Europe
What was The Schlieffen Plan
Plan to knock France out of the war to avoid a 2 front war.
Germany army would sweep through Belgium(a neutral country)
Germans fought the Belgians wouldnt resist and that Britain (allies) wouldn’t defend them.
What happened during the Schlieffen Plan?
Germans were held up by the Belgian army which gave Britain time to rush their army to support the Belgians and delay the Germans. In the east, the Russians organized their army faster than expected and invaded Germany which forced Germany to commit men to the eastern front.
What is the zone between opposing sides?
no mans land, dead zone
Trench tactics
Begin with heavy barrage from artillery fire then a wave of men would go over the top across no mans land and try to take enemy trenches
What made trench warfare difficult
Tactics were outdated
Generals did not care about how many might die and didnt understand the new tech like machine guns
Hard to assess if the artillery had been effective(very little reconnaissance) so generals had to guess their situation
Rainy weather prevented easy movement of troops
What was the Canadian military force called?
CEF Canadian Expeditionary Forcee
Sam Hughes?
Minister of Militia who hated French Canadians
Organized the training of the CEF at Valcartier
Insisted that Canadian soldiers used Ross Rifles
Where was the CEF shipped for better training?
Salisbury England
What does attrition mean?
A fight where both sides fought till one was worn down and collapsed
What did soldiers in the trenches suffer from?
Terrible conditions and experienced severe stress from repeated bombardments.
This was named shell shock
What were the German submarines called?
U-Boats
What did a German U-Boat do?
Sunk the British passenger ship called Lusitania in 1915 killing many Americans
One of the reasons why US entered WW1
What happened in the battle of Tannenberg?
1914
Germans had trouble with Russia then quickly crushed them
What did the Ottoman Turks do to Russia?
entered the war on the German side and blockaded Russian access to the Mediterranean
What was the Gallopoli campaign?
Eastern Mediterranean
France and Britain(with Australia and New Zealand) campaign to knock Turkey out of the war and help Russia
All the attacks were a disaster and met by fierce Turkish defense on the coastline.
It was a costly failure
What was the Alpine war?
1915
Italy switched sides and began an alpine war with Austria over disputed territory. It was fought in the Alps mountains and one of the pointless areas of WW1 and neither side gained territory
What are expert pilots called
Aces
Who was the German ace?
Manfred Von Richthofen aka Red Baron
80 kills
Who was the Canadian ace
Billy Bishop
72 kills
What are dogfights
fights in the skies because they surround eachother
I hate dogfights its such a dumb name
Russia pulling out of WW1?
Pulled out in 1917 after Russian Revolution
Czar was forced out of power and provisional government was set but later the communists seized power.
They murdered the royal family and ended the Russian monarchy to create communist state
Who was the first communist leader of the USSR
Vladmir Lenin
What was Germany’s last offensive to win WW1?
Spring 1918
Germans came 70km of Paris but ran out of resources
When did the US join WW1?
Spring of 1918
When did the 100 days take place
August-November 1918
What was the 100 days
When the CEF made major gains against Germans in France and Belgium
Canada won victories at Amiens and smashed through the German defensive Hidenburg line
Finished in the town of Mons where the first battles were fought
When did Germany sign an armistice in WW1?
November 11 1918
Where was the battle of Ypres
Belgium
When was the battle of Ypres
April 1915
What happened in the battle of Ypres
Germans attacked British and Canadian soldiers using chlorine gas. It killed many soldiers and when they fled they left a huge hole in the British line. Canadians used urine soaked rags to stop gas inhalation and repelled the German attack. Ends in a stalemate but many Canadian casualties.
When was the somme
July 1916
Where was the somme
France
What happened in the Somme
British army(NFL regiment) attacks Germany in the Somme
It was supposed to lead to a breakthrough against Germany. The British blew up a mine then attacked the German trenches. The Germans regrouped and massacred the attacking forces. It was a huge defeat for the British and wiped out the NFL as a fighting force
When was Vimy Ridge
April 1917
Where was Vimy Ridge
France
What happened in Vimy Ridge
Canadian operation to take the high ground of Vimy Ridge. All Canadians fought together under Canadian general Arthur Currie
They built a railway system for supplies, calibrated their artillery to fire accurately, used a creeping barrage(aka The Vimy Glide). Canada took over the ridge.
Huge victory for Canada but many causalities. Source of pride for Canada
When was Hill 70
August 1917
Where was Hill 70
France
What happened in Hill 70
Canadians were making a distraction by attacking the German forces near Lens so the British could attack Ypres
Huge victory for Canada
6 Canadians received Victoria Crosses
Many casualties
When was Passchendaele
October/November 1917
Where was Passchendaele
Belgium
What happened in Passchendaele`
Britain wanted Canada to attack Passchendaele. The battlefield was a muddy swamp. After much difficulty they took the town.
Another victory but many many casualties. The victory was useless as Britain withdrew their troops a few weeks later.
Why were tin helmets invented in WW1?
Tin helmets were invented in WW1 to protect soldiers’ heads from shrapnel.
Who used gas first in WW1? When?
Germans used gas first on October 27, 1914.
How did a soldier know that he had lice?
The lice would leave blotchy red bite marks all over their bodies.
How did the army try to solve the lice problem? Was it effective?
The army would light candles to burn the lice which was effective but it was hard to avoid burning the clothes as well. They would also put the soldiers’ clothes through delousing machines while they took baths but it was not very effective since the eggs would still be on their clothes.
Besides irritation, what other problem did the lice cause?
The lice also caused disease to spread through the armies. It was known as pyrrexhia or trench fever. It would give you shooting pains in your shins and then a very high fever.
What attracted the rats to the trenches? Why were there so many of them?
The decomposing corpses and food scraps were what brought the rats to the trenches. There were so many of them because one pair of rats can produce 880 offspring in only 1 year.
What part of the dead body would the rats eat first?
The rats would eat the eyes first.
How big could the rats grow?
The rats could grow nearly as big as cats.
What caused Trench foot? How did soldiers try to avoid this problem?
Walking through wet places in the cold caused Trench foot. Soldiers tried to avoid this problem by rubbing their feet in whale oil every 24 hours.
What kind of meat was bully beef? Why was the bread always stale?
Bully beef was canned corned beef. The bread was always stale because it would take around 8 days for it to get to the front lines
Why was there a decline in voluntary enlistments as the war progressed? How did Prime Minister Robert Borden try and solve this problem? What effect did this have on the country?
WW1
1/6 of Canadian men have already joined and it wasnt safe.
Robert Borden tried to make conscription mandatory for men between ages 20-45 to do military service
Almost half Canadians were opposed and people started riots and were divided
What were 3 ways that women contributed to the war effort in Canada?
3 ways that women contributed to the war efforts in Canada was by working in police forces, machine jobs, shipyards, etc.
Textile factories, nurses/hospitals, farming
How were the new working women discriminated against?
They were paid less than men. The employers did not provide childcare for working mothers and separate toilets for women.
What was the major issue of the 1917 election? How did Robert Borden ensure that he would win re-election?
Borden allows women who have relatives in the army nurses in ww1 to vote.
What caused the Halifax explosion of 1917? What were the effects on the city?
2 ships colliding caused the Halifax explosion of 1917. The explosion left 2,000 dead, 9,000 injured and much more. It destroyed a large part of Halifax.
What were two major ways that the Canadian government paid for the WW1 war effort?
Two major ways that the Canadian government paid for the WW1 war effort was by selling victory bonds and to borrow money and let future generations of Canadians help pay the loan.
and income tax
Which army had the Germans carefully avoided attacking in WW1 before 1918?
The Germans carefully avoided attacking the Canadian Corps in WW1 before 1918.
What 2 other nations fought with Canada at Amiens?
The Australians and French fought with Canada at Amiens
What was a “blighty” wound?
A blighty wound is a wound that takes them out of the war but is not deadly or permanently crippling.
What was the Hindenburg line?
The Hidenburg line is Germany’s most formidable defense system/line.
What city was the pivot of the German supply system in France?
Cambrai was the pivot of the German supply system in France.
What didn’t the Canadians have that made their attack on Cambrai difficult?
The Canadians didn’t have the proper information on the city like maps and artillery which made their attack on Cambrai difficult.
What did the Germans do to Cambrai before they abandoned it?
The Germans destroyed and torched Cambrai before they abandoned it.
What were 2 examples of the Germans terrible treatment of the Belgians?
The Germans destroyed and uprooted villages, forced many people into slave labor, executed many people, some examples of the Germans terrible treatment of the Belgians.
Where did Canada fight its last battle of the war?
Canada fought their last battle of the great war in the city of Mons.
How many Canadians died in total during WW1?
60,000 Canadians died in total during WW1.
List 4 major boundary changes resulting from the treaty of V:
5
Germany lost territory on its borders to France and Poland
The Austria-Hungary Empire was dissolved into smaller nations (Austria and Hungary, Czechoslovakia).
The creation of Yugoslavia (Montenegro and Serbia are gone).
The Ottoman Empire becomes Turkey.
The Russian Empire became the U.S.S.R. and had also lost land, dissolving into smaller Slavic nations on the Eastern Front. For example, Poland. and Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia ,Finland
List the new states created by the treaty of V:
8
Czechoslovakia
Turkey
Yugoslavia
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
USSR
Which countries appear to be the major losers? Treaty of V
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Russia
List 6 terms of the Treaty of Versailles that Germany was forced to comply with.
Forced to pay reparations (war costs) to France, Belgium, Britain and Russia for damage done during the war
Surrender of all German overseas investments to the Allied Powers as well as surrendering rich coal mines in the Saar Basin and the province of Alsace-Lorraine to France.
Germany was denied a naval and air force, greatly reducing its military.
Ordered to acknowledge the independence of Austria and Czechoslovakia
Prohibited to join any alliance
Forced to accept sole blame for WW1
When was the Spanish Flu first recorded?
Where was the Spanish Flu first recorded?
Where were other cases reported?
March 11, 1918
Fort Riley, a military outpost in Kansas
Reports were noted in military camps all around the US
Who brought the Spanish flu to Europe?
American troops
Spain and the Spanish Flu
- When the flu hit Spain, the Spanish government quickly publicly announce the epidemic
- Spain was not part of WW1 so it didn’t have to censor their health reports
- Since most people heard about the flu attack on spain it was named the Spanish flu
First and Second wave of Spanish Flu deadliness?
First wave was contagious but second was both contagious and deadly
Where did the second wave of Spanish Flu hit?
3 ports
Boston (US), Brest (France), Freetowne (Sierra Leone)
What happened because of the second wave of Spanish Flu
Hospitals became overwhelmed
Tent hospitals were made on lawns
Nurses and doctors were high in demand bc most went to Europe to help in the war
Hospitals had to ask for volunteers
Third Wave of Spanish Flu
After the armistice, people took to the streets to give hugs, kisses and celebrate the end of the war starting the third wave
Not as deadly as the second but more than the first
Did not receive as much attention
What was one of the reasons that the workers went on strike in Winnipeg?
The workers went on strike because there were no jobs and the working conditions were bad.
How was the strike vote conducted? Why was this easy for the workers?
The strike was conducted by choosing a white marble to vote for yes and a black marble to vote for no. This was easy for the workers because it did not require them to speak english or read and was very simple.
What career were most of the anti strike forces?
Most of the anti strike forces were the city’s top lawyers.
Why did Police seize the subscription list of the labour newspapers?
Police seized the subscription list of the labor newspaper to intimidate the strikers and to know who was involved
Deported the strikers
Why do we not know how many people were injured in the strike?
We don’t know how many people were injured in the strike because many of the demonstrators were immigrants and were scared that if they went to the hospitals they would be identified as strikers and be punished or deported.
What were the main strike leaders charged with?
The main strike leaders were charged with plotting to overthrow the government.
When did the Winnipeg General Strike start
May 15 1919 at 11 am
How many people were on strike?
30,000
When did the government arrest the strike leaders?
June 17 1919
When did Bloody Saturday happen
Saturday June 21 1919
What happened on Bloody Saturday?
There was a mass meeting and march planned but Winnipeg Mayor Gray forbade the rally
Ex-soldiers protested by leading thousands of people down Main Street
Mounties started attacking them with clubs and firing pistols
The Federal government sent troops to patrol the streets with machine guns
How many people died in the riot? bloody saturday
2 people
When did the strike end?
A week after Bloody Saturday
What was Canada’s economy in the 1920s
Primary industry - World leader in farming, forestry, mining
Secondary - Many products made in Canada like cars and household goods
What caused the stock market crash
economy slowed down and growth stopped. People began to get worried and panic sold all their stocks
When did the stock market crash happen
October 29 1929
What were 3 social causes that women became involved in the early 20th century?
3 social causes that women became involved in were alcohol, poverty and child welfare.
What was the nickname given to the criminal sale of alcohol?
The nickname given to the criminal sale of alcohol was bootlegging.
What was one of the few lasting positive effects of prohibition on alcohol usage after it was ended?
One of the few lasting positive effects of prohibition on alcohol usage after it ended was that it made Canadians aware of alcohol abuse and alcohol consumption never reached the same levels of the late nineteenth century.
What position did Emily Murphy hold in 1916? Why was it technically illegal for her to hold that position?
Emily Murphy was the Judge of Juvenile Court in 1916. It was technically illegal for her to hold that position because only a qualified person could preside on the bench and only men were considered as persons.
What government legislation prevented women from becoming senators?
The government legislation that prevented women from becoming senators was the British North America Act.
Why did Murphy’s supporters argue that she would make an excellent senator?
Murphy’s supporters argued that she would make an excellent senator because she has worked for all kinds of people like immigrants, Aboriginal Canadians, children, etc. and because she wrote one of the first books on drug trade and it had an impact around the world.
Who were members of the “Alberta Five”?
Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Louise Mckinney, Irene Parlby and Henrietta Muir Edwards were known as the Alberta Five
Why did the Supreme court of Canada rule against them?
The Supreme court of Canada ruled against them saying they were not considered persons and because of the social conditions at the time of Confederation in 1867.
What legislative body did the Alberta Five send their appeal to? What did it rule in 1929 in regard to their case?
The Alberta Five sent their appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in England and in 1929, the council ruled that women were persons and that the exclusion of women from all public offices is a relic of days more barbarous than ours.
Who became the first woman senator?
Cairine Wilson became the first woman senator.
What did Agnes Macphail become the first women to do in 1921?
In 1921, Agnes Macphail became the first woman to be elected to Parliament.
What did Macphail accomplish later on in her career for women?
Macphail accomplished the first equal pay legislation in Canada in 1951.
When was the Chanak Crisis
1922
Where was the Chanak Crisis
Turkey
What was the Chanak Crisis about
Britain has troops in Chanak, Turkey after ww1 and the turks wanted them out. The british feared a new war so they asked Canada to send troops but Mackenzie King refused. Conservative Arthur Meighen was angry and wanted to support Britain. In the end, Britain withdrew troops and there were no fights.
When was the Balfour declaration
1926
What happened in the Balfour declaration
Britain held an Imperial conference where Balfour declared a new arrangement between Britain and colonies where the colonies were now a commonwealth of nations equal in status to britain
Who was the leader of Turkey
Kemal Ataturk
When was the King/Byng affair
1926
What happened in the King/Byng affair
King’s government was involved in a scandal where their cabinet minister(Jacques Bureau) was connected to illegal liquor smuggling. King wanted to call an election to divert attention but the governor general said no even though King thought he would just agree bc the position was mostly symbolic. Byng then invited the conservatives and Arthur Meighen to form a government. Their government failed within a few weeks and an election was called. King won and he changed the role of Governor General so he had less control over Canadian affairs and established the Canadian High Commission
When did the Statute of Westminster happen
1931
What happened in the Statute of Westminster
The British government passed the statute of westminster. It granted Canada and other commonwealth countries full control over their foreign policies. Canada can now sign treaties, go to war and make trade deals without British permission.
What was the nickname given to a “wonderful person in the 20s?
Bee’s Knees
What slang was used to describe being drunk?
splifficated, ossified
What Canadian discovered insulin to manage diabetes in 1923?
Frederick Banting.
What 3 things were prohibited for sale on Sundays in Ontario?
Liquor, cigars, newspaper
What province did prohibition last in until 1948?
Prince Edward Island.
What American city did “Rum Alley” lead to?
Detroit
What fishing treaty did Canada sign on its own with the USA in 1923?
Halibut Treaty
What were breweries and distilleries allowed to do with manufactured alcohol in Ontario?
Breweries and distilleries were allowed to manufacture alcohol to export it.
Who was the first millionaire mobster
Rocco Perri
Describe what a Speakeasy or Blind Pig was in the 1920s?
A Speakeasy or Blind Pig in the 1920s was a place that sold illegal booze.
How were Flappers that made them different from Victorian women?
They were free spirited, dressed provocative, bobbed haircuts and low cut dresses.
What city did Al Capone’s gang control?
Chicago
What was prohibition supposed to reduce?
Crime, poverty and death rates.
What was the Dunkin Act.
Allowed any county or municipality to prohibit the retail sale of liquor by majority vote. Province of Canada only. Passed in 1964
What was the temperance act
1878
a federal law passed in 1878 that gave local governments the option to prohibit the sale of alcohol.
Who is Emily Murphy
First female judge in Canada
Judge of Juvenile Court
She has done many years of public service in Canada for many people
When was Emily Murphy appointed Judge of the Juvenile Court
1916
When was Emily Murphy trying to become Canadian Senate
1921
What was one of the few lasting positive effects of prohibition on alcohol usage after it was ended?
It made Canadians aware of alcohol abuse and alcohol consumption never reached the same levels of the late nineteenth century.
When did they rule that women were persons too?
1929
What happened after WW1 economically?
Economic recession then Canada adjusted to the peacetime economy. By the mid 1920s, Canada had a economic boom
When was RB Benent prime minister?
1930-1935
When did the Depression start?
1929
What happpened in Bennet’s “ New Deal”
Bennet tried to copy the American president Roosevelt’s idea of a New Deal of government managed economy.
He puposed ideas of regulated hours of work, minimum wage, unemployment insurance
The new deal was to avoid a communist revolution
The new deal never happened and bennet was defeating by Mackenzie King in the 1935 election
When was the CCF created
Where was the CCF created
Who created the CCF Party
1932
Saskatchewan
JS. Woodsworth
What does CCF stand for
Cooperative Commonwealth Federation
What was the CCF about
First Socialist Party in Canada
Government should manage the economy and provide help for people
Wanted unemployment insurance, welfare and cheap necessities guaranteed for all
Influenced modern Canada greatly and led directly to the socialized benefits of Canada
Becomes the NDP in the future
What was the Union Nationale about
Very traditional and conservative(almost fascist)
Wanted control all aspects of life in Quebec
VERY anti-communist and anti union
Wanted to keep all English influence out of Quebec
Dominated Quebec as premier for more than 20 years
Used illegal tactics and corruption to control the province(threatening people and rigging the election)
Union Nationale
Who created it
Where was it created
When was it created
Maurice Duplessis
Quebec
1936
Social Credit party
Who
Where
When
William Aberhart
Alberta
1935
What was the Social Credit Party about
Conservative
the government would provide credits(vouchers) so people could buy products to restart the economy
Won the 1935 AB election
Became a dominant political force in western Canada for the next 50 years
No social credits were ever given out and the program was cancelled
When were relief camps made and used
Early 1930s
Who created the relief camps
RB Bennet’s government
Where were the relief camps
Out in the wilderness
What were relief camps about
To make single homeless unemployed men work and off the streets
They were paid 20 cents a day.
Did lots of manual labour
Bennet was scared that the unemployed men would launch a revolution
The men became radicalized and left the camps to join the On To Ottawa trek
When was the On To Ottawa Trek
1935
What happened on the On To Ottawa Trek
Men in the relief camps started in Vancouver and travelled by trains east to ottawa
Their goal was to meet with Bennet and tell him their demands
They got stoped at Regina
Led to the Regina riot
Regina riot was one of the main reasons why Bennet lost the election
Pressured the government to finally add reforms on wages and unemployment relief
What was the event that triggered the depression of the 1930’s?
Stock Market Crash in 1929.
Why were the 1930’s considered to be good times for people who had jobs?
The prices were very low and people who kept their jobs saw a slight increase in their living standard.
