WW1 (History gr 10) Flashcards
What are the M.A.I.N causes of WW1?
Militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism.
Who is Otto Von Bismarck?
A German diplomat that masterminded the creation of Germany.
What is the significance of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
A Serbian terrorist group known as the “Black Hand” had a goal to free Serbian areas from Austro-Hungarian rule and reclaim them as part of Serbia. The Archduke was the Heir of the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
(The Archduke was shot, and this was the immediate cause of WW1)
What was the July Crisis (1914)?
Austria-Hungary seeks revenge against Serbia for the assassinations. But fear of Russia’s (Serbia’s ally) will retaliate. Austria-Hungary than asks Germany for support. Germany pledges to support but tells Austria-Hungary to strike Serbia quickly before Russia can prepare their army.
What were the terms of the July Crisis ultimatum?
1) Crush nationalist forces
2) Punish those involved in the assassination
3) Allow Austria-Hungary to send troops into Serbia to destroy Young Bosnia and the Black Hand.
*This ultimatum was rejected because Serbia rejected the third term.
What was the Schlieffen Plan, and what are the reasons for it failing?
It was a plan made by Germany, which was intended to force France into submission and then invade Russia.
Reasons for it failing:
1) Belgian resistance when Germany decided to invade Belgium in order to invade France - this delayed Germany’s invasion of France by a month.
2) Caused Britain to enter the war, because Britain had honored to protect Belgium.
3) Russia mobilized faster than expected - 10 rather than 15 days.
4) All delays allowed time for reinforcements.
Name 5 weapons used in WW1 and their uses/significance.
1) Machine gun - one of the most influential and deadly weapons in the war.
2) Artillery - the weapon that caused the most deaths in WW1. They were placed behind trenches and were used to batter enemy forces.
3) Poison Gas - first used in 1915 and surprised by the British troops, so they were unprepared and suffered 7000 deaths (from gas). Both sides ended up using deadlier gasses throughout the war.
4) Rifles - used as the primary weapon of infantry.
5) Grenades - the first modern fragmentation grenade was created in 1915. Soldiers would pull a pin, throw the grenade and it would blow up.
What does the term “Rationing” mean?
The effort to reduce use of resources for the war effort.
What does the term “Victory bonds” mean?
A security you could buy to help fund the war.
What is the Ottoman Empire made up of?
Turkey, Suria, Iraq, Israel and Arabia.
Was the US in WW1?
Up until 1917 the US was neutral, but still sold weapons to the Entente side.
What was the Unrestricted Submarine Warfare (1917)?
Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare in February 1917. This meant that Germany would now sink any cargo ships without warning.
Why did the US enter the war? (reasons)
Reason 1: the sinking of the Lusitania (Boat that carried 2000 passengers, 1198 of the passengers being American)
Reason 2: the Zimmerman telegram - German Foreign Security Arthur Zimmerman sends a telegram to German ambassador in Mexico. This was instructed by the German ambassador to approach the Mexican government with a proposal to form a military alliance against the US. The British and then the US officially broke off all diplomatic relations with Germany.
Reason 3: German submarines sank three American merchant vessels.
Reason 4: The US is hoping France and Britain will be able to pay back their war debt.
What is the Triple Entente?
The association between Great Britain, France, and Russia - the nucleus of the Allied powers in WW1.
What is the significance of the Battle of Ypres?
The battle marked the first time gas attacks were used by Germany.
The result: Entente victory against Germany.
What is the significance of the Battle of the Somme?
It was a disaster; German defences were not destroyed in artillery barrage.
- 85% of the Newfoundland regiment killed in the first 30 minutes.
- After battle Canada had more to say in the way war was fought.
The result: Entente lost.
What is the significance of the Battle of Vimy Ridge?
Canada led the attack on Vimy.
- Ridge has strategic significance; it provides a clear view of enemy positions and supply lines.
- Canadian troops used new tactics such as creepy barrage.
The result: a major victory for Canada - Canada had succeeded where the French couldn’t.
What is the significance of the Battle of Passchendaele?
The battle was over town with little strategic significance.
- Field Marshal Heig turned to Canadians after 3 months of failure.
- Proved Entente could not have won the war without support from British allies.
- Many soldiers died from drowning due to the mud and quicksand. - “like fighting in a cheesecake”
The result: terrible losses over little gains for either side.
What is the significance of the Battle of the Marne?
Germany’s advance through Belgium (Schlieffen plan) is met with British and French resistance.
The result: Entente victory against Germany.
What are all the battles of WW1 (in order)?
1) Ypres
2) The Somme
3) Vimy Ridge
4) Passchendaele
5) Marne
Put the following in order:
(1) Italy declares neutrality.
(2) Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated.
(3) Serbia receives and rejects ultimatum.
(4) Germany declares war on France.
(5) Germany invades Belgium / England declares war on Germany.
(6) Germany declares war on Russia
(2) Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated
- June 28, 1914
(3) Serbia receives and rejects ultimatum
- July 23, 1914
(6) Germany declares war on Russia
- Aug 1, 1914
(1) Italy declares neutrality
- Aug 2, 1914
(4) Germany declares war on France
- Aug 3, 1914
(5) Germany invades Belgium / England declares war on Germany
Who is in the Triple alliance?
Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, and Germany.
What were Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points?
It was a speech to the US congress about the future of the war.
What was the Spring Offensive (1918)?
- Germany signs the treaty of Brest
- Germany’s Spring Offensive is a massive last-ditch effort to capture Paris before the US can fully deploy its army
- Poisons won by Canadians at high cost were lost in weeks
