Ww1 Flashcards (Quick Edition!!)
What year did Germany unify?
1871
What was the name and date of the alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary?
Dual Alliance - 1879
What was the name and date of the alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy?
Triple Alliance - 1882
What was the name and date of the alliance between France and Russia?
Franco-Russian Alliance - 1892
What was the name and date of the alliance between Britain and France?
Entente Cordiale - 1904
What was the name and date of the alliance between Britain, France, and Russia?
Triple Entente - 1907
What did the Kaiser promise the Sultan of Morocco in 1905?
To defend Morocco’s independence
Why was Germany humiliated at the Algeciras Conference in 1906?
Only Austria-Hungary supported them
What was the name of the ship that Germany sent to Morocco in 1911?
The Panther
Which country in the Balkans did Austria-Hungary annex in 1908?
Bosnia
Which countries formed the Balkan League?
- Greece
- Montenegro
- Bulgaria
- Serbia
What group formed as a result of the annexation preventing the formation of Greater Serbia?
The Black Hand Gang
What was Slav Nationalism?
The idea of bringing Slavs together under ‘pan-Slavism’ - Greater Serbia
How many people were under the control of Britain?
400 million
How many people were under the control of Germany?
15 million
How many dreadnoughts were built by Britain?
29
How many dreadnoughts were built by Germany?
17
How much did the 6 European powers spend on the military in 1870?
£90 million
How much did the 6 European powers spend on the military in 1914?
£400 million
Name 2 reasons that Britain’s Splendid Isolation ended.
- France and Russia formed an alliance
- Germany was building up their navy
What was Weltpolitik?
Germany’s policy to become a world power
Which of the 6 European powers did not have conscription until 1916?
Britain
What date was Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated?
28th June 1914
Which of the 10 demands of Austria-Hungary did Serbia refuse to accept?
Austro-Hungarian police policing Serbia
What was the July Crisis?
The period after the assassination of ADFF where the countries in the alliances declared war on each other
Give two reasons that the Schlieffen Plan failed.
- Germany believed Russia would take 6 weeks to mobilise but it took 10 days
- Belgium fought back more ferociously than Germany anticipated
What was the main consequence of the Battle of the Marne?
They built trenches - start of trench warfare
What is a stalemate?
Where neither side can make any progress
Why were trenches built in a zig-zag pattern?
To confine a blast or enemy gunfire to one section of a trench
How many letters and parcels were sent per week to people in the trenches?
12 million
What percentage of wounds were caused by artillery shelling?
60%
When was the first use of poison gas by German troops against the French?
April 1915
What percentage of casualties were wounded by machine gun fire?
40%
How many metres was a rifle accurate up to?
600m
When was the Battle of Verdun?
February - December 1916
Which German General said they wanted to ‘bleed France white’ at Verdun?
Erich von Falkenhayn
How many shells did Germany fire over the course of the Battle of Verdun?
23 million
What is a war of attrition?
A war where each side tries to wear the other down by using up their resources and killing their troops
Why did the British start the Battle of the Somme?
Relieve pressure on the French at Verdun
When was the Battle of the Somme?
July to November 1916
How many casualties did the British suffer on the first day of the Battle of the Somme?
58,000
When was the Battle of Passchendaele?
July to November 1917
How many km of land were gained in the Battle of Passchendaele?
8
When was the Battle of Gallipoli?
February to December 1915
What stretch of water did the allied forces want to take control of at the Battle of Gallipoli?
The Dardanelles
Name 2 reasons that the Battle of Gallipoli failed.
- They took 70,000 soldiers instead of 150,000 recommended
- 80% of the soldiers got dysentery
When was the Battle of Jutland?
31st May to 1st June 1916
Why did Britain believe they won the Battle of Jutland?
They took control of the North Sea
Why did Germany believe they won the Battle of Jutland?
They destroyed more British ships and caused more casualties
How many weeks of food did Britain have left by February 1917 following the U-Boat campaigns?
6 weeks
What was the Bolshevik Revolution?
The Bolsheviks (communists) overthrew the Russian government
What treaty was signed in March 1918 which allowed Russia to leave the war?
Brest-Litovsk
How many divisions of German soldiers were moved from the Eastern Front to the Western front after Russia left the war?
50
Give the dates for the two main reasons that the USA entered the war.
- The sinking of the Lusitania - May 1915
- The Zimmerman telegram - January 1917
Name a development in sea warfare.
- Q-Ships
- Mines
- Depth charges
- Convoy system
- Hydrophone
- Floatplanes
- Aircraft carriers
Name a development in air warfare.
- Developed from reconnaissance to bombing
- Fokker mounted a machine gun to the front
- Lighter and stronger materials made them more maneuverable
- Radios allowed them to communicate more effectively
Name a development in tanks.
Somme (1916) - ineffective but by Cambrai (1917) 400 were used effectively
Name a development in artillery.
- Special shells to destroy barbed wire
- Creeping barrage tactic
- Larger and more accurate
Who was made the allied commander in March 1918?
Foch
What is an example of a tactic used in warfare?
Infiltration tactics
How many km of land did the Germans take at the start of the Spring Offensive?
60 km
How many Germans were killed in the Spring Offensive?
800,000
How many American troops were arriving per week by June 1918?
50,000
How many American troops arrived in total?
2 million
Which line were the Germans pushed back to during the Hundred Days Offensive?
The Hindenburg Line
How many soldiers did the German army request to continue the war?
800,000
What did the German General Ludendorff call the 8th of August 1918?
The Black Day of the German Army
How many Germans died because of the blockade in 1916?
120,000
How many Germans died because of the blockade in 1918?
420,000
What was the Kiel Mutiny?
The sailors at the Kiel naval base refused to follow orders
What was the German revolution?
Riots in Germany over lack of resources and casualties in the war
What are the two opinions on the role of Haig and Foch?
- Positive: They used the tactics available to them
- Negative: They should have used different tactics earlier
When did the Kaiser abdicate?
9th November 1918
What date was the armistice?
11th November 1918
