medicine overall. Gcse history. Flashcards
Name 2 things people believed caused disease in the
medieval period.
Punishment from God, 4 Humours, the stars, as well as miasma.
How many hospitals did the Christian Church set up
between 1000 and 1500 AD?
- (however, Christianity believed more in care then cure, so calling them hospitals is a bit generous, hospice or place to wallow may be more accurate.)
Which medieval monk was imprisoned for suggesting
that doctors should do research, not follow old books (and therefore tried to go against Galen?)
Roger Bacon.
What was the name of the library established by Caliph
al-Rashid and continued by Caliph al-Mamum (his son) called?
The house of wisdom.
What was special about bimaristans (early form of hospital in the Islamic parts of the world.)
They were hospitals that treated all people.
Al-Razi wrote over 150 books. Name one.
. Doubts about Galen.
. On Smallpox and Measles
. The Comprehensive [Book on Medicine]
. For One Who Has No Physician to Attend Him (like a manual for medicine for those who couldn’t get a doctor - Accessibility!)
Which medieval surgeon established the ‘Guild of
Surgeons’ in 1368?
John of Arderne.
How many surgical instruments did Abulcasis create?
26
Give two reasons that medieval monasteries had better
public health than medieval towns.
Money to pay for cleaner facilities, location away from
towns, knowledge they could read and understand
texts, religious rules and rituals
what caused the black death?
the bacteria Yersinia Pestis, carried by fleas, carried by rats, and then carried by the dying people.
What year was the printing press invented?
- Medical journals became more wide spread and easy to get after this.
Who did Vesalius disprove with his dissections?
Galen, particularly his view on anatomy.
What book did Vesalius write in 1543?
On the Fabric of the Human Body.
Who invented the ‘crow’s beak clamp’, false limbs for
wounded soldiers, used a ointment for wounds not cauterisation and popularised the use of ligatures?
Pare
When did the the person above (Q14) write his book ‘Works
on Surgery’?
1575.
What did Harvey discover through: observing cold-blooded
animals, dissecting human hearts, reading works of
anatomists, calculating how much blood would have to be
produced if it was fuel, experimenting by pumping blood the wrong way to discover valves.
That blood circulated around the body (not that new blood
was constantly made in the liver like Galen believed)
What discovery in 1901 did Harvey’s discoveries from the
1600s become useful for?
Blood transfusions
Name one treatment discovered through travelling to new
lands in the renaissance.
Limes treat scurvy (John Woodall in 1617), opium as an
anaesthetic (from Turkey), quinine to treat malaria (from the
cinchona tree in South America)
What year was the Great Plague?
1665 (stopped in 1666 due to the great fire of London burning away the disease itself.)
What are the key words for these definitions:
1. Poorly trained people who could give you a haircut and give you a small operation such as bloodletting or tooth pulling
- Showy, travelling salesmen who sold all sorts of medicine and ‘cure-alls’ (that never worked beyond placebo.)
- Little or no medical training but sold medicines and potions
- Barber surgeon.
- Quack
- Apothecary (like ye olde pharmacy)
How many new general hospitals were built in London between 1720-1750?
5
Name a specialist hospital and the date it was founded.
London’s Lock Hospital for venereal disease (1746),
the British Hospital for Mothers and Babies (1749)
Name one book that Hunter wrote.
. ‘The Natural History of Teeth’ (1771),
. ‘On Veneral Disease’ (1786),
. ‘Blood inflammation and gunshot wounds’ (1794).
Which surgeon did Hunter teach?
Jenner
