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Edexcel A-level History (British Experience of Warfare) > WW1 1914-18 > Flashcards

WW1 1914-18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who were the central powers

A

Germany and Austria-Hungary

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2
Q

Who were the tripe entente

A

France, russia and Britain

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3
Q

Did any of the nations in the central powers and the triple entente want war in 1914

A

No, no country wanted war in 1914

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4
Q

Why may have Britain not fought in any conflict between France and Germany

A

Although Britain had made some joint plans, it was not strictly allied to either France or Russia

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5
Q

How many men were in the British regular army in 1914

A

247,432 officers and men

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6
Q

Who became Secretary of State for war on 5th of August 1914

A

Lord Kitchener

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7
Q

Was lord kitchner popular

A

The public greeted his appointment with enthusiasm and he vacant a figure of national unity

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8
Q

Did kitchner remain popular

A

No as his shortcomings in government soon became apparent

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9
Q

What was the vital contribution the lord kitchner we made to the war effort

A

He forecast a 3-4 year war and realised that Britain would have to rally up mass armies so he set plans accordingly

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10
Q

Why did Kitchener not enforce conscription

A

British politics at his time was heavily liberal and their was a worry it would infringe on a persons liberty

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11
Q

What change did kitchner make to recruitment

A

To recruit through regular recruiting channels rather than a territorial system

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12
Q

How many recruits volunteered for the army in August and September of 1914

A

761,000 recruits

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13
Q

What was the average number of monthly recruits until June 1915

A

125,000 a month

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14
Q

Why did so many men enlist

A

It was based mostly on patriotism and public school codes of duty

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15
Q

who was first to use gas

A

germany

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16
Q

what gas did the germans use

A

chlorine

17
Q

what gas did Britain develop in response to chlorine

A

phosgene

18
Q

what was fuze 106

A

device filled with musketballs that were propelled on explosion

19
Q

when was the fuze 106 put into service

A

1917

20
Q

what is creeping barrage

A

artillery bombardment followed by infantry attack

21
Q

Why was the first day of the somme unsuccessful?

A

artillery bombardment was too early and warned Germans of attack

22
Q

How many british soldiers were killed on the first day of the Somme?

A

19000 - greatest loss in british army history

23
Q

how many british and French casualties from the Somme?

A

420,000 British

194,000 French

24
Q

how many German casualties from the somme

A

465,000

25
Q

was Haig responsible for the Somme

A

not entirely
he had to help France
problems in general facing the army to do with coordination

26
Q

Battle of Arras

A

combined tactics resulted in 3.5 mile advancement for the Allies

27
Q

Passchendaele

A 
fortnight long artillery bombardment destroyed half enemies weapons 
also destroyed drainage system 
Germans were ready for attack 
Haig continued anyway
less than 10,000 yards gained
70,000 British killed 170,00 injured
28
Q

Cambrai

A

with help from 324 tanks allies advanced 3 miles
Germans quickly regained it
45,000 casualties

29
Q

Wastage level 1917

A

76000 men a month

30
Q

How was Lundendorf’s spring offensive successful?

A

yes
surprised the British
British troops fell back 40 miles

31
Q

How was Ludendorff’s Spring Offensive a failure?

A

Germans lost momentum
BEF repelled Germans in Amiens
BEF strengthened by 500,000 troops
250,000 US troops arriving each month

32
Q

When was Amiens and what happened?

A

1918
BEF gained 8 miles
inflicted 27,000 casualties
only lost 8,000

33
Q

Reasons for british success

A

Britain outgunned Germany
Branches of military working together
Skilled artillery

34
Q

How many casualties inflicted by BEF between Aug and Nov 1918?

A

264,383

35
Q

German defeat

A

Nov German troops retreat
their allies surrendered
Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated
Armistice signed

36
Q

Military losses

A

750,000

37
Q

What was different about deaths in WW1 to other wars

A

more from battle than disease

Edexcel A-level History (British Experience of Warfare) (6 decks)

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