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Edexcel A-level History (British Experience of Warfare) > The Second Boer War 1899-1902 > Flashcards

The Second Boer War 1899-1902 Flashcards

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1
Q

In what year did Britain acquire the cape colony from the Netherlands

A

1815

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2
Q

In the 1830s, how many boers disliked aspects of British rule

A

5000 boers

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3
Q

What aspects of British rule did the boers dislike

A

The abolition of slavery

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4
Q

Where did the boers originally migrate towards

A

Natal

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5
Q

In what year did Britain annex natal

A

1843

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6
Q

Where did the boers migrate after the annexation Of natal

A

The orange free state and Transvaal

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7
Q

What state did the orange free state and Transvaal antagonise with their diaries for land

A

The Zulu’s

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8
Q

In what year did Britain decide it wanted to unite its South African colonies with the boer republics

A

1877

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9
Q

In what year did Britain take control of Transvaal and the zulu

A

1879

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10
Q

Who’s government decided to recognise Transvaal and the orange free state as autonomous nations following Britain defeat in the first boers war

A

Gladstone’s government

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11
Q

In what year did the Transvaal discover their gold deposits

A

1886

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12
Q

What was the economic causes for Britain to go to war with the boer republics

A

The gold deposits made Transvaal the richest colony in South Africa which threatened the economic balance of power.

With a strong economy, the boers may attempt try to take over the whole of Southern Africa

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13
Q

Who we’re the uitlanders

A

The Transvaal lacked the manpower and the industrial base to develop its goldmines

Many fled from the British colonies hoping to make their fortune in mining

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14
Q

Who long did the uitlanders have to reside in Transvaal before they could apply for naturalisation

A

14 years

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15
Q

What did the denial of voting of uitlanders provide the British government with

A

A pretext for interference in Transvaal

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16
Q

Who became the prime minster in 1885

A

Lord Salisbury

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17
Q

What were the priorities of lord Salisbury

A

Protecting the essential interest of Britain

Sercurity in the empire

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18
Q

Who did lord Salisbury appoint as colonial secretary

A

Joseph chamberlain

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19
Q

What did Joseph chamberlain advocate for

A

A more cohesive British empire, bound together by economic interest with a viable imperial parliament

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20
Q

What year did Cecil roads arrive in cape colony

A

1870

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21
Q

In what year did Cecil roads establish a powerful gold-mining company in Transvaal

A

1887

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22
Q

In what year did Cecil Rhodes become the prime minister of cape colony

A

1890

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23
Q

What famous quote did Cecil Rhodes say regarding Britain

A

Britain were “the first race in the world and that more the of the world that they inhabit, the better for the human race”

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24
Q

In 1895, what did Rhodes encourage

A

Uitlander’s to agitate for voting rights in Transvaal

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25
Q

What was the aim of the Jameson raid 1895

A

Rhodes would seize Johannesburg, trigger an uprising of the Uitlander s and overthrow Kruger

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26
Q

Did the Jameson raid succeed

A

No, after a brief skirmish, Rhodes surrenderd

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27
Q

What was the outcome of the Jameson raid 1895

A

Rhodes had to resign as prime-minister

Transvaal and the orange free state signed the military pact of 1897 being a bigger threat to the British empire

Kruger started to arm the Transvaal with the best European weaponry

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28
Q

In what year did Britain sent Alfred Milner as a high commissioner of South Africa

A

1897

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29
Q

What was the ultimatum that Alfred Milner have to the boers

A

Uitlander’s must be granted for citizenship

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30
Q

When did limber and Kruger met at the Bloemfontein conference

A

31 may 1899

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31
Q

What did Kruger do in response to milliners demands

A

Rejected giving the uitlanders full citizenship and stuck to his gun

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32
Q

What ultimatum did Kruger send to the British government on the 9th October 1899

A

That all British troops be withdrawn from the Transvaal boarder within 48 hours

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33
Q

What date did Kruger declare war in the British empire

A

11th October 1899

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34
Q

How many troops did Britain have in 1899

A

135,000 men

(the small amount was the result of the professionalisation of the army being its main aim since the 1870’s and not to bolster numbers)

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35
Q

What were the problems facing the British army in 1899

A

There was a shortage of ammunition

It had an inadequate supply of khaki uniforms (only suitable colour for conflict in South Africa)

Intelligence and staff were inadequate

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36
Q

How many troops did the boer army have in 1899

A

60,000 men

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37
Q

How was the boer army structured

A

It was a civilian militia

All male adults in a district were expected to form a commando bringing their own horses and weapons to battle.

Those who couldn’t afford a weapon were given a rifle by the state

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38
Q

What was the excellent rifle that the Boer were armed with

A

The smokeless missed rifle from Germany

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39
Q

How many troops did sir George white have

A

10,000

40
Q

Where were the 10,000 strong Indian army shipped to

A

Natal (previously annexed by the British)

41
Q

When did sir George white arrive in natal

A

7th October 1899

42
Q

What was sir George whites main goal

A

To prevent the boers from marching in Durban

43
Q

How many boers invaded Durban

A

35,000

44
Q

When did the British first army corps set sail from Southampton to cape colony

A

12th October

45
Q

When did the boers begging the artillery at the battle for ladysmith

A

20th October 1899

46
Q

How many British casualties were the result of the Ladysmith counterattack

A

446

47
Q

After pushing the boers back to Talana Hill at the battle of ladysmith, where did George white and his army retreat to

A

Back to the town of ladysmith

48
Q

White was surrounded by boer siege guns in ladysmith, what did he do?

A

Ordered a major sortie against enemy positions (the battle of Modderspruit)

49
Q

How many British were captured and killed at the battle of Modderspruit

A

140 killed

1000 captured

50
Q

When the boers crosses over into cape colony, How many British soldiers were defending

A

7000

51
Q

How many cape Dutch joined the invading commandos in cape colony

A

10,000

52
Q

What was the outcome of the Dutch joining the commandos

A

Milner services permission to declare martial law in the most disaffected districts

53
Q

What two victories did methane achieve in the counter-offensive

A

Belmont and Graspan

54
Q

How many British casualties followed the counter-offensive in “black week”

A

3000 casualties

55
Q

Following black week, how many British troops were sent to cape colony

A

180,000 troops

56
Q

How many volunteers from British Africa, Austrians, Canadians, New Zealand came forward following black week

A

30000

57
Q

When did lord Roberts arrive in cape colony

A

January 1900

58
Q

What did lord Robert insist on in his new tactical guidelines

A

Careful reconnaissance

The avoidance of frontal attacks in mass formations

More use of cover to cover fighting by infantry

59
Q

When was the Transvaal formally annexed by Britain

A

3 September 1900

60
Q

How many boers resistance fighter remained under British control

A

20,000

61
Q

Why were boer commandos sent to their home districts in the new resistance

A

They could rely on local support and had knowledge of the terrain

62
Q

What was the tactic of the boers resistance

A

To strike fast and hard, causing as much damage as possible the disappear before British reinforcements could show up

63
Q

What was the impact of the boers guerrilla tactics

A

A disorganised pattern of engagements and meant their was large social unrest as the 250,000 British soldiers were unable to determine were they would strike next

64
Q

What did Kitchener order be built around cape colony to protect supply routes from boer raids

A

8000 fortified blockhouses linked with barbed wire fences stretching 4000 miles

65
Q

What was the scorched earth policy

A

Kitchener order that all property that could aid the boers be destroyed

British troops swept the countryside, destroying properties and burning farmland causing a nation wide famine

66
Q

What did Britain do in response to the famine to house women and children

A

They built concentration camps

67
Q

How many boer women and children died in the British concentration camps

A

20,000 (1/4 innmates) from food and medical shortages

68
Q

Which political party denounced the concentration camps

A

The liberal party (formally the Whig party)

69
Q

Who defended the existence of the camps

A

The war sectary, John Broderick

70
Q

Following public outcry in Britain, what did the government commission

A

The Kitchener report

71
Q

What did the Kitchener report confirm

A

That the death rates in the camps were very high (the opposite of what the government intended)

72
Q

How many black people served the British in the boer war by 1902

A

30,000

73
Q

What treaty ended the second boer war on 31 may 1902

A

Treaty of Vereeniging

74
Q

What was the outcome of the treaty of Vereeniging

A

The annexation of the orange free state and Transvaal

75
Q

How many lives did the boer war cost

A

60,000 lives

76
Q

Overall, how many does in the concentration camps

A

20,000 boer civilians and 12,000 black Africans

77
Q

How much did the boer war cost

A

£217 million

78
Q

Did the British public support the boer war

A

In 1899, most did support the Boer war but the fact that it dragged on for 3 years and concerns about the concentration camps led to increasing concern

79
Q

What was the outcome of the 1895 election

A

The Conservative-unionists won a landslide victory led by lord salisbury

80
Q

When was the daily mail launched

A

1896

81
Q

How launched the daily mail

A

Alfred hammsworth

82
Q

How much did the daily mail cost

A

Half a penny

83
Q

What was the average cost of established papers

A

A penny

84
Q

What was the circulation of the daily mail in 1900

A

Nearly a million

85
Q

What was the daily mails stance on the boer war

A

It was extremely imperialist, marketing it the “voice of the empire”

86
Q

Who filed reports for the morning post , using his experiences in the boers war to launch their political career

A

Winston Churchill

87
Q

What camera was used in 1896 by war photographers to capture the horrors of the boer war

A

Pocket and bullet Kodak’s

88
Q

What camera was released in 1900

A

The cheaper brownie camera

89
Q

What was invented in 1895, which allowed the public to see moving pictures of Southern Africa

A

The bioscope

90
Q

How many cheered the First Army Corps as they left Southampton on 12th October 1899

A

Half a million

91
Q

What political groups opposed the war

A

Liberals, socialists and Irish nationalists

92
Q

What newspapers opposed the war

A

The Manchester guardian, the morning star, the daily news

93
Q

Why did radical liberals attack the boer war

A

They conceived it to be moral wrong

94
Q

What was the only religious group that opposers the war

A

Quackers

95
Q

When was the “khaki” election

A

September 1900

Edexcel A-level History (British Experience of Warfare) (6 decks)

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