WW1

Question 1

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Answer 1

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, whose assassination in Sarajevo in 1914 by a Serbian nationalist group triggered the outbreak of World War I.

Question 2

Kaiser Wilhelm

Answer 2

The last emperor of Germany, ruling from 1888 until his abdication in 1918 after Germany’s defeat in World War I

Question 3

Militarism

Answer 3

The belief in building up a strong military and being prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests

Question 4

Triple Alliance/Central Powers

Answer 4

A military alliance formed before World War I, consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy (though Italy switched sides during the war). During the war, the Central Powers included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

Question 5

Triple Entente/Allied Powers

Answer 5

A military alliance during World War I that included France, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Later, Italy and the United States also joined the Allied Powers

Question 6

Trench warfare

Answer 6

A type of combat where soldiers fight from deep trenches, often leading to prolonged stalemates and horrific living conditions

Question 7

Eastern Front

Answer 7

The theater of war in World War I between the Central Powers (mainly Germany and Austria-Hungary) and the Allies (mainly Russia), located in Eastern Europe

Question 8

Western Front

Answer 8

The main area of war in World War I where most of the fighting occurred

Located in Western Europe, where the Allies (mainly France, the UK, and later the US) fought against Germany and Austria-Hungary

Question 9

Lusitania

Answer 9

A British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, killing 1,198 people, including 128 Americans. The attack was a key event leading the U.S. closer to entering World War I

Question 10

Stalemate

Answer 10

A situation in which neither side can win or gain an advantage, especially in trench warfare during World War I

Question 11

Isolationism

Answer 11

A foreign policy stance in which a country seeks to avoid involvement in the affairs or conflicts of other nations. The U.S. initially adhered to isolationism before entering World War I

Question 12

U-boats

Answer 12

German submarines used during World War I and World War II to attack enemy ships, especially merchant ships and warships

Question 13

Sussex Pledge

Answer 13

A promise made by Germany in 1916, after sinking the French ship Sussex, to give warning before attacking merchant and passenger ships, and to ensure the safety of civilians

Question 14

Zimmerman Note

Answer 14

A secret diplomatic communication from Germany to Mexico in 1917, offering military alliance if the U.S. entered World War I. The British intercepted it, and its revelation helped push the U.S. into the war

Question 15

Selective Service Act

Answer 15

A 1917 U.S. law that authorized the government to draft men into military service during World War I

Question 16

Convoy system

Answer 16

A system where merchant ships travel in groups with military escorts to protect against attacks, especially from German U-boats

Question 17

Communism

Answer 17

A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society and the abolition of private property, where the government controls the means of production. It became the ruling ideology in Russia after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution

Question 18

Bolshevik Revolution

Answer 18

A 1917 revolution in Russia led by the Bolsheviks (a communist party) that overthrew the provisional government and established a communist state under Vladimir Lenin

Question 19

Liberty Bonds

Answer 19

U.S. government bonds sold to raise funds for military operations during World War I. They were a form of war financing

Question 20

National War Labor Board

Answer 20

A U.S. government agency established during World War I to mediate disputes between labor and management and ensure the production of war materials

Question 21

Committee of Public Information

Answer 21

A U.S. government agency during World War I that used propaganda to promote the war effort and boost public support for the war

Question 22

George Creel

Answer 22

The head of the U.S. Committee on Public Information, he was responsible for creating wartime propaganda to promote the war and influence public opinion

Question 23

Scheck v. US

Answer 23

A landmark 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that free speech could be restricted during wartime if it posed a “clear and present danger” to national security

Question 24

Wilson’s peace without victory

Answer 24

President Woodrow Wilson’s vision for ending World War I by negotiating peace that did not humiliate the defeated nations, advocating for fairness and international cooperation

Question 25

War Industries Board

Answer 25

A U.S. government agency that coordinated the production of war materials during World War I, ensuring that resources were allocated efficiently to support the war effort

Question 26

US Food Administration

Answer 26

A U.S. government agency created during World War I, headed by Herbert Hoover, to manage food production and distribution, and encourage conservation to support the war effort.

Question 27

Propaganda

Answer 27

Information, especially biased or misleading, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view. During World War I, it was used to maintain morale and rally support for the war.

Question 28

Espionage Act

Answer 28

A 1917 U.S. law that made it a crime to interfere with military operations or draft, or to make false statements about the war

Question 29

Sedition Act

Answer 29

A 1918 law that expanded on the Espionage Act, making it a crime to speak out against the government or criticize the war effort

Question 30

Armistice

Answer 30

An agreement to stop fighting. In World War I, the armistice signed on November 11, 1918, marked the end of the fighting, though the peace treaty was signed later.

Question 31

Fourteen Points

Answer 31

A statement of principles for peace proposed by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1918 to end World War I and prevent future conflicts, emphasizing self-determination, free trade, and a league of nations.

Open treaties (no secrets)

Freedom of seas

Free trade (lowered or abolished tariffs)

Arms reduction

Imperialism continues as long as stronger nation considers desires of weaker nation

6-13 = Boundary changes due to self determination

Creation of League of Nations

Question 32

League of Nations

Answer 32

An international organization established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among nations. The U.S. did not join due to opposition in the Senate.

Question 33

Self-determination

Answer 33

The principle that people should have the right to choose their own political status and govern themselves without outside interference. This was a key component of Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Question 34

David Lloyd George

Answer 34

The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during and after World War I. He was a key figure in the negotiations leading to the Treaty of Versailles

Question 35

Georges Clemenceau

Answer 35

The Prime Minister of France during World War I, known for his harsh stance against Germany and for playing a central role in the post-war peace negotiations

Question 36

Big Four

Answer 36

The term for the four major Allied powers during World War I: the United States (Woodrow Wilson), the United Kingdom (David Lloyd George), France (Georges Clemenceau), and Italy (Vittorio Orlando)

Question 37

Reparations

Answer 37

Payments made by a defeated country to compensate for damages caused during a war. Germany was required to pay reparations after World War I under the Treaty of Versailles

Question 38

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 38

The peace treaty signed in 1919 that ended World War I, imposing harsh penalties and reparations on Germany, and establishing the League of Nations

Question 39

Henry Cabot Lodge

Answer 39

U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. He is best known for opposing U.S. membership in the League of Nations

Question 40

How did it turn into World War 1?

Answer 40

Alliances back each other –
Russia backs Serbia by mobilizing troops

Germany asks Russia to stop – backs Austria-Hungary

France is Russia’s alliance, so they begin mobilizing troops

August 1914 Germany declares war on Russia

Schlieffen Plan – knock France out of the war

Great Britain steps in to back the Allies since Germany invaded neutral Belgium.

Question 41

Deadly Weapons/Technology of WW1

Answer 41

Machine Guns: Improved guns - fire 600 bullets/min

Artillery field guns: Long range cannons - caused more casualties than any other weapon

Poison Gas: Chlorine/Phosgene/mustard gas - could kill, blind, or burn victims

Submarines: German U-Boats used torpedoes and on deck guns to sink ships

Tanks/Armored Cars: Both sides tried to develop vehicles that would go over rough terrain, barbed wire, and no mans land (with limited success)

Airplanes: Used for reconnaissance, bombing, & fighting

Question 42

Nuetrality

Answer 42

President Wilson declared the U.S. neutral to protect economic profit abroad

Question 43

Why did the US enter WW1?

Answer 43

Zimmerman Note: Germany sends telegram to Mexico, proposing an alliance against the US

Sinking of the Lusitania: German U-boats (submarines) sinks a British ship, Lusitania

Blockades: Britain blocks goods from reaching Germany (international law allowed confiscation of weapons, etc), but also blocked everything

Russia drops out of the war: because of a revolution. US sees the war as a war of democracy against oppressive monarchies now

Question 44

War Propaganda Purposes

Answer 44

Recruitment of Soldiers

Financing the War (War Bonds/taxes)

Nationalism/Unification

Conservation of Resources

Participation in home-front organization to SUPPORT war effort

Question 45

Suppressing US Opposition

Answer 45

The Government Cracks down on Dissent

CPI created a mood in America that did not welcome debate on WWI

Americans were worried about losing their freedoms

Espionage Act- ban newspapers or printed material against the war effort

Sedition Act-limits freedom of speech against US government or the war

Schenck v. US–Supreme Court ruled that the government can limit 1st Amendment right in times of war

Clear and present danger precedent

Prejudice and harsh treatment for German Americans

Question 46

How did WW1 change society?

Answer 46

Women: Many enter the workforce for the first time. Women fight for suffrage → 19th Amendment

African-Americans:
The Great Migration-movement of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial north → new factory jobs

Mexican-Americans: Increased immigration from Mexico for work opportunities. Most settled in southern California areas - created new communities . Some migrated North for work opportunities

Question 47

Problems of the Treaty of Versailles

Answer 47

Huge depression occurred in Germany: Couldn’t pay back debt, many Germans didn’t realize they were at fault, humiliated Germany and set unattainable goals for repayment

Ignored sacrifices of Russia (didn’t like the new Communist government). Russia actually loses land (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland, and Finland).