WW One

Question 1

Why did Australia join in WW1?

Answer 1

Loyalty to britain
Duty to do what the government wanted
Cheap way to see the world
In search of excitement and adventure
Patriotism or love of australia
A way to escape unemployment

Question 2

The aim of the Gallipoli campaign?

Answer 2

It was to so they could supply Russia with things for the war and they would be able to ship extra supplies to Russia via the black sea by going through the Dardanelle strait which belonged to turkey who were fighting with the Germans

Question 3

What was the success of the gallipolli campaign like?

Answer 3

Naval bombardment of turkey without sending in any ground troops
- FAILED
Combination of Australian and NZ armies to form the ANZACS and they landed a few km north and dug trenched to hold their position
- FAILED

Question 4

Was the allied withrdrawal successful?

Answer 4

Yes as they Made it appear like they were still in the trenches and the turks didn’t know they had left
and no men died

Question 5

What was the outcome of the failed campaign?

Answer 5

led to russian surrendering to germans in 1917

Question 6

What were the initial trench conditions in turkey?

Answer 6

dug using small shovels without handles whilst lying on stomachs to provide cover from turkish fire

Question 7

How were the newer trenches more substantial?

Answer 7

Built back from turkish fire line
Very extensive as they had to house tens of thousands
Soldiers ate, slept, wrote letters home in these trenches

Question 8

What were the conditions of the trenches in turkey overall?

Answer 8

Open to weather, hot in summer, cold and snowy in winter, rain
Water was in short supply
Poor hygiene, up to 20% of men were sick at a given time
Infested with vermin, lice, rats, fleas attracted to rotting corpses
Constant mental strain not knowing when next shell would land

Question 9

What were the trenches on the western front like?

Answer 9

Very wet and muddy
Trench foot became a chronic problem
More men hospitalised due to disease then enemy fire
Poor sanitation
Remained there for four years

Question 10

Where were the Australian Gallipoli soldiers sent after?

Answer 10

Majority were sent to France to aid the British war against Germany. The light horse remained in the Middle East to continue war against turks (Lebanon + Syria) and they faces extreme heat and fierce battles

Question 11

What was the war on the western front like?

Answer 11

Was in a stalemate facing each other from opposing extensive trenches

Question 12

What were the Australian casualties?

Answer 12

Higher casualty on western front then in middle east
Costliest conflict for australia in terms of death
Over 52% of enlisted men suffered either an injury or had been killed

Question 13

How was the war on the western front being front?

Answer 13

Allied armies repeatedly attacked german trenches aiming to push them out of france
Using artillery bombardments intended to cut the barbed wire and kill the enemy
Surviving germans were able to repel attackers when the entered no man’s land
These attacks often resulted in limited territorial gains and heavy losses

Question 14

The end of the First World War?

Answer 14

By october 1918 the germans began negotiations to end war
They surrendered unconditionally to the allies and guns stopped at 11am on the 11th november 1918

Question 15

Why was conscription deb hated after the war?

Answer 15

Britain requested an additional 20000 men and a further supply of 15000 a month
Aus wouldn’t meet this demand so PM Billie Hughes wanted to introduce conscription
However the constitution states people can only be conscripted if Australia was under attack and it wasn’t
PM wanted to change the wording via referendum however failed on both votes

Question 16

why did people vote yes?

Answer 16

Soldiers who wanted more help
Women who had loved ones fighting
Loyal britain supporters
Those who believed if germany defeated england they would attack us next
Those believing that we should do what england wanted to ensure their support

Question 17

Why did people vote no?

Answer 17

Labour party and trade unions - conscription would force employers to take unskilled workers
Religious people who didn’t believe in killing
Those of irish descent, against supporting england
Women who didn’t have a loved one fighting
Catholic church

Question 18

Impacts on the home front included?

Answer 18

Censorship
COL
Trust
Working class vs middle class

Question 19

What happened with the COL after ww1?

Answer 19

prices of goods increased substantially as most were imported from england who were suffering major labour shortages as they had introduced conscription (most of their men were in the army). Additionally cargo ships coming from england were sunk by germans

Question 20

Experiences of women during the war?

Answer 20

Some took untraditional jobs to replace men who had volunteered
Volunteered to join charity groups eg. red cross to support families and wounded soldiers
Sent comfort boxes to soldiers at the front
2500 australian women became war nurses
Tried to form AWSC to help army but was ignored by government

Question 21

how was the end of the war finalised?

Answer 21

The war ended at 11am on the 11 of november 1918 with germany surrender unconditionally to the allies
It wasn’t until 1920 that all soldiers returned home

Question 22

Four reasons that the repatriation department was created?

Answer 22

Return to civilian life
medical or hospital support for those with illness of disability from war
Housing for soldiers at reasonable rates
Assist in gaining employment

Question 23

What was the soldiers settlement scheme?

Answer 23

Aimed to give returning soldiers tracts of lands not being farmed for free to promote aus agricultural industry

Question 24

Why did it fail?

Answer 24

Not fertile land
Most soldiers did not have necessary skills to make success of farming
Prices for agricultural products declined due to machinery
30% left their land in 1927