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WSET Level 2 > WSET Session 2 > Flashcards

WSET Session 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four parts of a grape?

A

Skin, pulp, seed and stems.

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2
Q

What three things does grape skin do for a wine?

A

Provides color, tannin, and flavors

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3
Q

What four things does the grape pulp do for a wine?

A

Provides water, sugar, acid and flavors

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4
Q

What do seeds and stems provide for a wine?

A

Tannin

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5
Q

What five things do vines need to grow?

A

Water, sunlight, carbon dioxide, warmth, and nutrients

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6
Q

What happens to grapes during photosynthesis?

A

Water, carbon dioxide and sunlight create sugars in the grape

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7
Q

What are the four steps of grape formation and ripening?

A

Flowering, fruit set, véraison, ripe grapes.

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8
Q

What happens during fruit set?

A

Flowers become grapes

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9
Q

What happens during véraison?

A

The ripening process begins and grapes start to lose their green color.

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10
Q

What temperature range counts as a cool climate?

A

16.5°C (62°F) or below

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11
Q

What are the qualities of grapes grown in a cool climate?

A

less alcohol, less tannin, lighter body, more acid

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12
Q

What temperature range counts as moderate climate?

A

16.5°C (62°F) to 18.5°C (65°F)

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13
Q

What temperature range counts as a warm climate?

A

18.5°C (65°F) to 21°C (70°F)

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14
Q

What are some qualities of grapes grown in a warm climate?

A

More alcohol, fuller body, more tannin, less acidity

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15
Q

What is latitude’s affect on grapes?

A

Most grapes are grown between 30 and 50 degrees north or south of the equator

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16
Q

What is altitudes affect on grapes?

A

Temperatures drop with altitude (high altitude = cooler climate)

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17
Q

What are seas affect on grapes?

A

Ocean currents can raise or lower vineyard temperatures

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18
Q

What are rivers affect on grapes?

A

Warm rivers provide warmth and sunlight reflection can create more light to ripen grapes

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19
Q

What are slopes and aspects affect on grapes?

A

Slopes and aspects facing the equator get more heat and light

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20
Q

What are clouds, fog, and mist’s affect on grapes?

A

Clouds fog and mist block sunlight

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21
Q

What is soil’s affect on grapes?

A

Soil stores water and nutrients and can affect temperature

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22
Q

What are mountains affect on grapes?

A

Mountains shield grapes from from clouds, rain and cold winds

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23
Q

What are stone’s affect on grapes?

A

Stones can absorb heat and make vinyards warmer

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24
Q

What is air’s affect on grapes?

A

Air affects temperature of the climate

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25
Q

What is drought’s affect on grapes?

A

Vines will be unable to ripen and might die

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26
Q

What is high levels of rain’s affect on grapes?

A

High levels of moisture can help fungal diseases spread and cause grapes to swell

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27
Q

What is hail’s affect on grapes?

A

Hail can cause significant damage to vines and grapes

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28
Q

What is frost’s affect on grapes?

A

Frost can kill vines new growth

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29
Q

Training and pruning

A

Vines are trained on trellises so they can be harvested and pruned so they can retain their required shape

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30
Q

Irrigation

A

Used in areas where there is little rainfall

31
Q

Managing weeds pests and diseases

A

Animals and birds can be kept away using nets and fences. Insects and fungus can be controlled using chemical sprays

32
Q

Yield

A

A measure of the amount of fruit produced per unit of area. Low yield concentrates flavor but may not be commercially viable

33
Q

Harvest

A

When grapes are harvested determines the ripeness of the grape. Can be done by hand or by machine.

34
Q

GI

A

Geographical indications

35
Q

Where are GI’s used

A

Outside the EU

36
Q

What labeling terms are used inside the EU

A

PDO and PGI

37
Q

PDO

A

Protected Designation of Origin

38
Q

PGI

A

Protected Geographical Indication

39
Q

PDO labelling term in France

A

Appellation d’origine protégée (AOP)
Appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC)

40
Q

PGI labelling term in France

A

Indication géographique protégée (IGP)

41
Q

What are the grape characteristics of Pinot Noir?

A

Thin skin, high acidity, low to medium tanin

42
Q

What kind of climate can Pinot Noir be grown in?

A

Cool to moderate climates

43
Q

What are the flavor characteristics of Pinot Noir

A

Red fruit (strawberry, rasberry, red cherry)

44
Q

Is Pinot Noir single varietal or blended?

A

Typically single varietal

45
Q

Can Pinot Noir be oaked?

A

Yes, but be careful

46
Q

Can Pinot Noir be used to make sparkling wine?

A

Yes

47
Q

What does aged Pinot Noir taste like?

A

Mushroom, forrest floor

48
Q

Where is the important French region for Pinot Noir

A

Burgundy

49
Q

Where is the more celebrated vineyard in Burgundy

A

Cote d’Or

50
Q

What are the the most famous villages for Pinot Noir in Cote d’Or

A

Gevrey-Chambertin, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Beaune, and Pommard

51
Q

Labelling in Burgundy

A

Regional appellation, village appellation, premier cru, grand cru

52
Q

In what countries is Pinot Noir grown?

A

USA, France, Chile, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand

53
Q

Where in the United States is Pinot Noir grown?

A

Oregon and California

54
Q

Where in California is Pinot Noir Grown

A

Sonoma, Santa Barbara County, and Los Carneros

55
Q

Where in Chile is Pinot Noir grown?

A

Casablanca Valley

56
Q

Where in South Africa is Pinot Noir grown?

A

Walker Bay

57
Q

Where in Australia is Pinot Noir Grown?

A

Yarra Valley and Mornington Penisula

58
Q

Where in New Zealand is Pinot Noir grown?

A

Martinborough, Marlborough, Central Otago

59
Q

What happens to sugar in grapes and yeast during alcoholic fermentation?

A

They turn into alcohol and carbon dioxide

60
Q

What is the process of making red wine?

A

Crushing, alcoholic fermentation, draining, pressing, storage or maturation, and packaging

61
Q

What are the two types of winery vessels.

A

Inert and oak vessels

62
Q

What are inert vessels made of?

A

Stainless steel and concrete

63
Q

What are the three features of inert vessels?

A

Provides a place for fermentation and storage, adds no additional flavor to the wine and can be airtight.

64
Q

What are the contribution of oak vessels?

A

Provides flavor, oxygen and softens tannins

65
Q

What do wines need in order to age?

A

Flavor concentration, flavors that can develop in positive ways, high acid, tannin or sugar

66
Q

What is another name for Zinfandel

A

Primitivo

67
Q

What kind of climate is Zinfandel grown in?

A

In warm climates

68
Q

What are some grape characteristics of Zinfandel

A

Ripens unevenly, high sugar levels, medium to high acid and medium to high tanin

69
Q

What kind of wine does Zinfandel usually make?

A

Rosé and red wines

70
Q

Is Zinfandel usually oaked or unoaked?

A

Often Oaked

71
Q

What countries is Zinfandel usually grown in

A

USA and Italy

72
Q

Where in USA is Zinfandel grown?

A

California

73
Q

Where in Italy is Zinfandel grown?

A

Puglia

WSET Level 2 (8 decks)

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