WSET Session 2

Question 1

What are the four parts of a grape?

Answer 1

Skin, pulp, seed and stems.

Question 2

What three things does grape skin do for a wine?

Answer 2

Provides color, tannin, and flavors

Question 3

What four things does the grape pulp do for a wine?

Answer 3

Provides water, sugar, acid and flavors

Question 4

What do seeds and stems provide for a wine?

Answer 4

Tannin

Question 5

What five things do vines need to grow?

Answer 5

Water, sunlight, carbon dioxide, warmth, and nutrients

Question 6

What happens to grapes during photosynthesis?

Answer 6

Water, carbon dioxide and sunlight create sugars in the grape

Question 7

What are the four steps of grape formation and ripening?

Answer 7

Flowering, fruit set, véraison, ripe grapes.

Question 8

What happens during fruit set?

Answer 8

Flowers become grapes

Question 9

What happens during véraison?

Answer 9

The ripening process begins and grapes start to lose their green color.

Question 10

What temperature range counts as a cool climate?

Answer 10

16.5°C (62°F) or below

Question 11

What are the qualities of grapes grown in a cool climate?

Answer 11

less alcohol, less tannin, lighter body, more acid

Question 12

What temperature range counts as moderate climate?

Answer 12

16.5°C (62°F) to 18.5°C (65°F)

Question 13

What temperature range counts as a warm climate?

Answer 13

18.5°C (65°F) to 21°C (70°F)

Question 14

What are some qualities of grapes grown in a warm climate?

Answer 14

More alcohol, fuller body, more tannin, less acidity

Question 15

What is latitude’s affect on grapes?

Answer 15

Most grapes are grown between 30 and 50 degrees north or south of the equator

Question 16

What is altitudes affect on grapes?

Answer 16

Temperatures drop with altitude (high altitude = cooler climate)

Question 17

What are seas affect on grapes?

Answer 17

Ocean currents can raise or lower vineyard temperatures

Question 18

What are rivers affect on grapes?

Answer 18

Warm rivers provide warmth and sunlight reflection can create more light to ripen grapes

Question 19

What are slopes and aspects affect on grapes?

Answer 19

Slopes and aspects facing the equator get more heat and light

Question 20

What are clouds, fog, and mist’s affect on grapes?

Answer 20

Clouds fog and mist block sunlight

Question 21

What is soil’s affect on grapes?

Answer 21

Soil stores water and nutrients and can affect temperature

Question 22

What are mountains affect on grapes?

Answer 22

Mountains shield grapes from from clouds, rain and cold winds

Question 23

What are stone’s affect on grapes?

Answer 23

Stones can absorb heat and make vinyards warmer

Question 24

What is air’s affect on grapes?

Answer 24

Air affects temperature of the climate

Question 25

What is drought's affect on grapes?

Answer 25

Vines will be unable to ripen and might die

Question 26

What is high levels of rain's affect on grapes?

Answer 26

High levels of moisture can help fungal diseases spread and cause grapes to swell

Question 27

What is hail's affect on grapes?

Answer 27

Hail can cause significant damage to vines and grapes

Question 28

What is frost's affect on grapes?

Answer 28

Frost can kill vines new growth

Question 29

Training and pruning

Answer 29

Vines are trained on trellises so they can be harvested and pruned so they can retain their required shape

Question 30

Irrigation

Answer 30

Used in areas where there is little rainfall

Question 31

Managing weeds pests and diseases

Answer 31

Animals and birds can be kept away using nets and fences. Insects and fungus can be controlled using chemical sprays

Question 32

Yield

Answer 32

A measure of the amount of fruit produced per unit of area. Low yield concentrates flavor but may not be commercially viable

Question 33

Harvest

Answer 33

When grapes are harvested determines the ripeness of the grape. Can be done by hand or by machine.

Question 34

GI

Answer 34

Geographical indications

Question 35

Where are GI's used

Answer 35

Outside the EU

Question 36

What labeling terms are used inside the EU

Answer 36

PDO and PGI

Question 37

PDO

Answer 37

Protected Designation of Origin

Question 38

PGI

Answer 38

Protected Geographical Indication

Question 39

PDO labelling term in France

Answer 39

Appellation d’origine protégée (AOP) Appellation d’origine contrôlée (AOC)

Question 40

PGI labelling term in France

Answer 40

Indication géographique protégée (IGP)

Question 41

What are the grape characteristics of Pinot Noir?

Answer 41

Thin skin, high acidity, low to medium tanin

Question 42

What kind of climate can Pinot Noir be grown in?

Answer 42

Cool to moderate climates

Question 43

What are the flavor characteristics of Pinot Noir

Answer 43

Red fruit (strawberry, rasberry, red cherry)

Question 44

Is Pinot Noir single varietal or blended?

Answer 44

Typically single varietal

Question 45

Can Pinot Noir be oaked?

Answer 45

Yes, but be careful

Question 46

Can Pinot Noir be used to make sparkling wine?

Answer 46

Yes

Question 47

What does aged Pinot Noir taste like?

Answer 47

Mushroom, forrest floor

Question 48

Where is the important French region for Pinot Noir

Answer 48

Burgundy

Question 49

Where is the more celebrated vineyard in Burgundy

Answer 49

Cote d'Or

Question 50

What are the the most famous villages for Pinot Noir in Cote d'Or

Answer 50

Gevrey-Chambertin, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Beaune, and Pommard

Question 51

Labelling in Burgundy

Answer 51

Regional appellation, village appellation, premier cru, grand cru

Question 52

In what countries is Pinot Noir grown?

Answer 52

USA, France, Chile, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand

Question 53

Where in the United States is Pinot Noir grown?

Answer 53

Oregon and California

Question 54

Where in California is Pinot Noir Grown

Answer 54

Sonoma, Santa Barbara County, and Los Carneros

Question 55

Where in Chile is Pinot Noir grown?

Answer 55

Casablanca Valley

Question 56

Where in South Africa is Pinot Noir grown?

Answer 56

Walker Bay

Question 57

Where in Australia is Pinot Noir Grown?

Answer 57

Yarra Valley and Mornington Penisula

Question 58

Where in New Zealand is Pinot Noir grown?

Answer 58

Martinborough, Marlborough, Central Otago

Question 59

What happens to sugar in grapes and yeast during alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 59

They turn into alcohol and carbon dioxide

Question 60

What is the process of making red wine?

Answer 60

Crushing, alcoholic fermentation, draining, pressing, storage or maturation, and packaging

Question 61

What are the two types of winery vessels.

Answer 61

Inert and oak vessels

Question 62

What are inert vessels made of?

Answer 62

Stainless steel and concrete

Question 63

What are the three features of inert vessels?

Answer 63

Provides a place for fermentation and storage, adds no additional flavor to the wine and can be airtight.

Question 64

What are the contribution of oak vessels?

Answer 64

Provides flavor, oxygen and softens tannins

Question 65

What do wines need in order to age?

Answer 65

Flavor concentration, flavors that can develop in positive ways, high acid, tannin or sugar

Question 66

What is another name for Zinfandel

Answer 66

Primitivo

Question 67

What kind of climate is Zinfandel grown in?

Answer 67

In warm climates

Question 68

What are some grape characteristics of Zinfandel

Answer 68

Ripens unevenly, high sugar levels, medium to high acid and medium to high tanin

Question 69

What kind of wine does Zinfandel usually make?

Answer 69

Rosé and red wines

Question 70

Is Zinfandel usually oaked or unoaked?

Answer 70

Often Oaked

Question 71

What countries is Zinfandel usually grown in

Answer 71

USA and Italy

Question 72

Where in USA is Zinfandel grown?

Answer 72

California

Question 73

Where in Italy is Zinfandel grown?

Answer 73

Puglia