Wrong answers

Question 1

Shape of cholera bacteria

Answer 1

Vibrio

Question 2

How does a phagocyte detect a pathogen

Answer 2

Chemotaxis

Question 3

What increases pathogenicity

Answer 3

-Possession of a capsule
-Production of exotoxin
-Ability to alter surface composition

Question 4

Desiccation meaning

Answer 4

To remove moisture of something

Question 5

How do u use the northwest rule when sampling

Answer 5

Review notes

Question 6

Describe how gene transmission and selection have increased the difficulty of treating bacterial infections with antibodies

Answer 6

-Antibiotic-resistant allele
-Vertical gene transmission
-Resistant bacteria(survive and) reproduce// pop of resistant bacteria increase
-Increase in allelic frequency
-Horizontal gene transmission
-Plasmid
Conjugation/pilus tube
-Can occur between bacteria of different species

Question 7

Method used to determine number of viable cells

Answer 7

Dilution plating

Question 8

Fungi are a good source of antibitotics
Describe how you could screen for antibiotic production in a fungus

Answer 8

-Bioassay
-Inhibition of the growth of a bacterial lawn
-Agar plate seeded with bacteria
-Place mycelial disc from fungus onto centre of plate
-Incubate 25 deg for 2-3days
-If antibiotic is produced clear zone observable
- Larger diameter of the clear zone , more effective the antibiotic is

Question 9

Describe how monomers join to form the primary structure of a protein

Answer 9

-Condensation reaction between amino acids
-Forms peptide bonds
-Creates specific sequence/order or amino acids

Question 10

Similarity and difference between the induced fit model and the lock and key model of enzyme action

Answer 10

Similarity
-Substrate binds to active site
-Enzyme substrate complexes form

Difference
-Active site changes shape. but does not change shape in lock and key

Question 11

One feature of chloroplast that allows for protein synthesis inside chloroplast
AND
One difference between this feature and similar features in the rest of the cell

Answer 11

-DNA,
It is not associated with histones but nuclear DNA is
Is circular but nuclear DNA is linear
Is shorter than nuclear DNA

-Ribosomes
Are smaller than cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 12

Give two structures found in all prokaryotic cells and in all eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

-Cell membrane
-Ribosomes
-Cytoplasm
-DNA

Question 13

Why is the rate of plasmid replication faster in cells growing in a culture with high amino acid conc

Answer 13

-Amino acids used in protein synthesis
So more enzymes for DNA/plasmid replication , so more DNA polymerase
OR
-Amino acids used in respiration
So more energy/ATP for DNA/Plasmid replication