writing a scientific report Flashcards

1
Q

what is the structure of a scientific report?

A

IMRaD - introduction - methods - results - discussion

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2
Q

what are the different types of scientific report?

A

Journal article  Conference abstract  Conference proceeding  Monograph or book  Database or dataset  Algorithm or code

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3
Q

what makes a good scientific question?

A

Clearly stated  Answerable  Maps onto at least one study design  Important  Not already answered

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4
Q

what guidelines do you use for RCT?

A

CONSORT

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5
Q

when do you use strobe guidelines?

A

for observational studies - cohort - case control - cross sectional

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6
Q

which guidelines are used for qualitative research?

A

COREQ

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7
Q

what is SQUIRE a guideline for?

A

reporting healthcare quality improvement studies

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8
Q

what guideline would you use for systematic reviews and meta analysis?

A

PRISMA

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9
Q

what is the target vs study pop?

A

he target population is the population you want to know about  The study population is the sample of people you will actually study

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10
Q

define bias generally

A
  • ‘a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation’
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11
Q

define statistical bias

A

a tendency of an estimate to deviate in one direction from a true value

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12
Q

what is a type 1 error?

A
  • false positive - the man is pregnant - the null hypothesis is wrongly rejected- i reject he hypothesis that the man is not pregnant
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13
Q

what is a type 2 error?

A
  • false negative - this lady with the giant tummy is not pregnant - the null hypothesis is wrongly accepted
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14
Q

what is selection bias?

A

Occurs when the procedures used to select subjects into a study are such that they lead to a result different from what would have been obtained from the “target” population

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15
Q

what is information bias?

A

Any factor leading to systematically different measurement between study groups e.g. Recall bias  Interviewer bias  Misclassification E.g of cases in a database  Measurement error - Validity of measures - Consistency of measures

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16
Q

what is a confounding factor?

A
  • something that affects both the independent and dependent variable
17
Q

what are exmples of how failure to understand quality of medical evidence can be an

ethical issue?

A
  • fail to introduce an effective treatment (e.g. thrombolysis, prophylactic antibiotics for bowel surgery)
  • disrupt the delivery of a treatment that works (e.g. the MMR vaccine)
  • create a market for ineffective or dangerous therapies (e.g. hormone replacement therapy for cardiovascular health, β-carotene to prevent cancer) which may undermine effective interventions such as exercise