developing a questionnaire Flashcards
what are the different methods of finding out information?
Patient Notes/Records review
Survey of staff (paper/online)
Survey of patients (paper/online)
Telephone interview
Face to face interviews
Focus groups
what factors should you consider when collecting info?
logistics
anonymity
consent
cost
data protection rules
wha is considered research?
A study which is trying to generate new knowledge about patients or conditions or healthcare services that will be generally true across a wider population than it is actually studying.
how should you choose what categories you will use for your research?
Stick to standardised categories e.g. from the Office of National Statistics
what are the different types of questions you can ask?
- simple yes no
- multiple choice- e.g. picking ethnicity
- ordinal/interval- asking on a scale
what is the likert scale good for assessing?
Knowledge
Beliefs
Attitudes
Symptoms
Traits
what are assumptions made by the likert scale?
- bipolar scale only assess positive or negative response to statement
- assumes distance between each response is equal
- multiple statements related to each other are posed and scores are summarised across statements to form a scale- all the items on the scale have equal weighting
what does it it mean if a statement is loaded with social desirability?
Social desirability bias is when the respondent provides an answer which is more socially acceptable than his / her true attitude or behaviour - the respondent may resist answering truthfully to something that is socially stigmatised such as finance or mental health
likert scales should avoid statements based on 2 premises- what are examples of these?
“The doctor prescribed antidepressants and they have really helped”
“Because I had a healthy baby, I felt I did not have the right to struggle”
“I did not go to the doctor as I thought they would not listen”
how can you avoid creating skew in responses to likert scale?
-use a spread of questions to represent every aspect of the concept being measured -Can word some statements in opposite direction – avoid repeat ticking down one column
how can you score yes no responses?
1/0
how can you score multiple category responses like ethnicity?
1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 etc (Could be then ‘dummy’ coded to compare binary categories e.g. White (1) versus non- White (2 to 6 re-coded as 0))
how to score multiple possible responses? - e.g. which of these sports do you play?
One column in spreadsheet for each sport. Then 1 / 0 for yes/no like binary categorical (Could also re-code: dummy coding for each sport, a count for number of sports, multi- category coding e.g. separate categories for combinations of responses such as running + cycling, running + swimming)
how to score open ended questions?
sually no score – qualitative analysis (Could also code qualitative data and turn it into numerical data if wanted e.g. number of benefits identified
how would you analyse a simple description “How much of X is there in this population?”
this would depend on the type of response given
- Yes / No variables
– count these up- Report number of respondents answering Yes and %
-
Categories
- Report N (frequency) and % in each group -
Likert scales
- Add up scores across similar questions to make a scale (total score) Report mean total score and standard deviation
which analysis should you use when comparing yes no answers?
ci square
which analysis to use when comparing 2 group responses on likert scale- e.g. men vs women
t test
