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Patho > Wrist/Hand Pathologies > Flashcards

Wrist/Hand Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

Luno-Triquetral Sprain

A
  • Repetitive trauma with axial load in extension and ulnar deviation.

S & S: Ulnar sided wrist pain, clicking, weakness

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2
Q

Lunate Dislocation

A
  • Most severe of carpal instabilities
  • Volar dislocation and forward rotation of lunate
  • Murphys sign (Capitate drops into space vacated by lunate
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3
Q

Keinbocks Disease

A 
- Idiopathic AVN of the lunate
S & S
- Loss of wrist ROM
- Loss of grip strength
- Painful swollen wrist
- Point tender of lunate
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4
Q

Mallet Finger

A

Tear of distal aspect of extensor tendon

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5
Q

Jersey Finger

A
  • Tear of distal aspect of Flexor Digitorum Profundus (shearing force)
  • Held in extension, cant actively flex DIP
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6
Q

Swan Neck Deformity

A
  • Dorsal subluxation of lateral tendons.
  • PIP hyperextension, DIP hyperflexion
  • Rupture of PIP volar plate
  • Common in RA population
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7
Q

Boutonniere Deformity

A
  • Overstretch of PIP jt capsule. Ultimate rupture of the central tendon
  • Volar subluxation of of lateral tendons
  • PIP jt into hyperflexion
  • DIP too much extension
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8
Q

Dupuytren’s Contracture

A
  • Finger flexors contract but cant re-extend.
  • Due to nodule within tendon sheath, or sheath causes restriction

Rx: Cortisone, straighten out and brace

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9
Q

Trigger Finger

A
  • Tenosynovitis from overuse of tendons, too much gripping
  • Most commonly EPL, EPB, APL
  • Middle finger and ring finger is common
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10
Q

Tendonitis/Tenosynovitis

A

MOI: Repetitive trauma Ex: bowling, throwing

  • Tendonitis/inflammation of synovial fluid in sheath.
  • Overworking of flexor hallicus longus is common
  • Crackling in extensor tendons
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11
Q

De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis

A

Snuff box tendons

  • Wrist extension, ulnar deviation
  • Finkelsteins is good for this
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12
Q

Subungual Hematoma

A
  • Blood forming under the nail beds from direct trauma

- Increasing pressure can lead to throbbing pain

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13
Q

Clubbed Nails

A
  • At DIP Area, indicative of hypertrophy of underlying soft tissue/respiratory/cardisc problems

Ex: COPD

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14
Q

Spoon Shaped Nails

A
  • Result of fungal infection, anemia, iron deficiency, long term diabetes, local injury, developmental abnormality, chemical irritants, or psoriasis
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15
Q

Paronychia

A
  • An infection along the nail fold commonly following a hang nail
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16
Q

Fingertip Felon

A
  • Abscess located within the fat pad of the fingertip
17
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A 
Contents: 
4- FDS
4- FDP
1- FPL
Median nerve- digits 1-3.5
  • Intrinsic or extrinsic
  • Square wrist is a risk factor (non-modifiable risk factor)
    Extrinsic: Overuse of wrist and finger flexors (typing)
  • Need nerve conduction velocity testing done
18
Q

Ape Hand

A

Median Nerve Palsy

  • Extreme carpal tunnel
  • Loose thenar emminence muscles
19
Q

Drop Wrist

A
  • Radial Nerve palsy
20
Q

Benediction (Bishop) Hand

A

Ulnar Nerve Palsy

  • Wasting of the hypothenar emminence
  • Loos of 4th and 5th digit lumbricals
21
Q

Claw Hand (Intrinsic Minus)

A
  • Loss of ulnar and median function

- No muscle function oppose EDC or EPB and EPL

22
Q

Ulnar Neuropathy “ Cyclist’s palsy”

A

Grip, cycling, handle bars

  • Entrapment over the hook of hamate “Guyons canal”
  • Ring or little finger
  • MMT of FDM, ADM, ulnar sited lumbricals
23
Q

Colle’s Fracture

A

Distal radus fx w/ dorsal displacement

- Closed reduction, internal fixation

24
Q

Smiths Fracture

A
  • Distal radius fx with volar displacement
25
Q

Scaphoid Fracture

A

FOOSH, wrist hyperextended

  • Tender snuff box
  • Imaging to avoid AVN
26
Q

Hook of Hamate Fx

A

FOOSH. Commonly associated w/ fx of 4th and 5th MC

  • Raquet sports
  • Ulnar pain, swelling over hamate
  • R/O ulnar nerve involvement
27
Q

Pisaform Fracture

A
  • Fx from direct blow
  • Csn undergo chrondral changes from overuse leading to pisotriquetral arthrosis
  • Common in raquet sports
28
Q

Boxers Fracture

A

Fracture of neck of 5th MC

MOI: - Direct impact to 5th MC from punching w/ closed fist

29
Q

Bennets Fracture

A
  • Articular fracture to the proximal end of the 1st MC

MOI: - Axial compression from punching or falling on a closed fist

Patho (8 decks)

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