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Small animal nursing II > Wounds and Bandaging > Flashcards

Wounds and Bandaging Flashcards

1
Q

exudate

A

substance that leaks out of a wound (cells/fluid)

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2
Q

hematoma

A

mass of clotted blood in a tissue, organ, or body cavity

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3
Q

seroma

A

mass of fluid in a tissue, organ, or body cavity

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4
Q

debridement

A

removal of non-viable tissue or foreign material from a wound

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5
Q

necrotic/necrosis

A

dead tissue/death occuring

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6
Q

what are the purposes of bandaging?

A

management of soft tissue wounds, stabilizes bone and joint injuries, and postoperative care

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7
Q

how does bandaging aid in soft tissue management?

A

protects the wound from environment and patient, manages exudate, creates healing environment, decreases hematoma/seroma formation, provides support and comfort, delivers topical agents, aids in debridement

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8
Q

how does bandaging aid in stabilizing bone and joint injuries?

A

stabilizes fractures, maintains splint/cast in position, restricts motion, prevents weight bearing, protects soft tissue from further injury, decreases edema

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9
Q

how does bandaging aid in postoperative care?

A

decreases hemorrhage and edema, eliminates dead space, increases comfort, protects the wound from the patient and the environment

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10
Q

what are the different bandage layers?

A

primary: contacts wound
secondary: provides support, absorbs exudate, and protects bony prominences
tertiary: holds underlying bandage in place

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11
Q

what are the two main types of primary layer bandaging?

A

adherent and non-adherent

adherent= non-selective mechanical debridement ex: gauze
non-adherent= moisture-retaining

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12
Q

what are the different types of primary layer bandages that fall under the non-adherent category?

A

non-occlusive, semi-occlusive, and occlusive

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13
Q

when would you use a non-adherent bandage?

A

when the wound is in the healing process and has granulation tissue

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14
Q

what is a non-occlusive bandage used for and how often should you change?

A

covers surgical incisions and protects recently epithelialized surfaces
change daily

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15
Q

what is a semi-occlusive bandage used for and how often should you change?

A

used for moderate-high exudate wounds since it draws fluid and debris away from the wound and maintains a moist environment
change every 1-3 days

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16
Q

what is an occlusive bandage used for and how often should you change?

A

used for minimally exudative wounds because it maintains a moist environment, promotes epithelization, and protects new epithelium
change every 4-7 days

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17
Q

what are examples of each type of occlusive bandage?

A

non-occlusive: Telfa pads
semi-occlusive: Curagel
occlusive: NU-GEL

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18
Q

what is important to follow when putting on the secondary bandage layer?

A

no wrinkles, always start distal to proximal, 50/50 layers (put down a layer of wrap and then cover 50% of that layer with the next layer)

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19
Q

what are examples of secondary bandage layers?

A

cast padding and bandaging cotton

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20
Q

what are examples of tertiary layer bandages?

A

conforming gauze (Kling), non-occlusive elastic bandage (Vetrap), non-occlusive elastic adhesive tape (Elastikon), and porous tape (white tape)

21
Q

what are the types of distal limb bandages?

A

Robert Jones and modified Robert Jones

Robert Jones= temporarily immobilizes limbs distal to elbow or stifle joint, big and thick
modified Robert Jones= soft-padded bandage, not too tight so it doesn’t cause pressure necrosis

22
Q

when should a tail bandage be used?

A

partial tail amputation, protection of wounds, tumor removal, wrap long-haired dogs/cats with severe diarrhea to keep them clean, “happy tail” (injuring tail from excitedly wagging it too much in a confined space)

23
Q

what are some supplies that can be used for a tail wrap?

A

can use porous tape to secure the bandage or a syringe case/pool noodle if needed for extra support and protection

24
Q

when should an abdominal bandage be used?

A

to secure a gastronomy tube, after caudal mastectomy chain removal, extensive wounds or dissection of abdominal region

25
Q

what are important things to be aware of when putting on an abdominal bandage?

A

make sure the bandage doesn’t inhibit breathing, don’t cover the penis or anus, and the bandage could move around easily

26
Q

when should a thorax bandage be used?

A

to secure a chest drain, protect large thoracic wounds, and after spinal surgery

27
Q

what is important to be aware of when putting on a thoracic bandage?

A

make sure the bandage doesn’t inhibit breathing

28
Q

when should a head/neck bandage be used?

A

to secure a jugular catheter, protect wounds, and secure feeding tubes

29
Q

what is important to be aware of when putting on a head/neck bandage?

A

monitor the animal closely for potential respiratory compromise and if the head bandage is placed too close to the eye it could cause corneal abrasions if it moves around

30
Q

Ehmer sling

A

non-weight bearing, protects pelvic limbs after hip joint injury, and it will internally rotate and adduct the femur so the femoral head is forced into the acetabulum

31
Q

what is important to know about slings?

A

never keep a sling on for more than 2-3 weeks cause muscle atrophy will happen and you only need to use 1-2 layers of Elastikon to make the sling

32
Q

Velpeau sling

A

forelimb sling, mainly used after medial shoulder joint luxation, incorporates the thoracic bandage

33
Q

90/90 flexion sling

A

single loop around the stifle and hock in a 90 degree flexion, used for post distal femoral fracture, only needs 2-3 days before pain and edema decrease

34
Q

carpal flexion sling

A

forelimb sling, prevents weight bearing but allows movement of elbow and shoulder joints

35
Q

hobbles

A

used to prevent abduction of hip joints after ventral coxofemoral luxation, should never be wider than the width of the animal’s pelvis

36
Q

what do casts/splints do?

A

provides stabilization and support for joint injuries, can provide temporary support until surgery, can be used as a means of definitive treatment, or as an adjunct after surgical stabilization

37
Q

what part of the body are casts/splints used on?

A

only used on injuries below the elbow/stifle

38
Q

what is important to know when putting on a cast/splint?

A

immobilize the joint above and below the fracture

39
Q

cast

A

a fiberglass material that encircles the entire limb and is removed with an oscillating cast saw

40
Q

what to know when putting a cast on?

A

wear gloves!! and put a layer of toilet paper between the secondary layer and the casting material to help prevent the casting material from adhering to skin/fur

41
Q

bivalved cast

A

when the cast is cut on both sides and then held together by gauze or tape
allows the cast to be taken off to change bandages when needed for highly exudative wounds

42
Q

Quik splint

A

pre-fabricated splint
plastic
applied to lateral aspect of limb and best for radial/ulnar/tibial/fibular fractures

43
Q

spoon splint

A

pre-fabricated splint
plastic or aluminum
applied to caudal limb surface and best for metacarpal/metatarsal or phalangeal fractures

44
Q

spica splint

A

maintains forelimb or pelvic limb extension through application of a soft padded bandage and strong lateral support splint
used after elbow luxation or if the overall mobility of limb must be reduced
prolonged use can cause muscle contracture and joint damage

45
Q

Schroeder-Thomas splint

A

external weight bearing device
used for closed fractures of radius/ulna/tibia/fibula in young animals
not used in small animals cause it causes muscle contracture and permanent loss of limb function
use of a metal rod and honey-comb apparatus to shape to patient

46
Q

when should a bandage be changed?

A

copious exudate: at least once a day
healthy granulation tissue: every 2-3 days
wound is not visible externally: weekly
strike through: change immediately

47
Q

strike through

A

exudate seeps through bandage and can be seen on tertiary layer

48
Q

what aftercare should be done to the bandage/wound?

A

limit exercise so bandage doesn’t move around and cause chafing, monitor for edema (check toes), monitor temperature (heat=infection, cold=constriction), keep bandage/wound dry (use bags to cover it but not for more than 30 minutes), use e-collar as needed (PRN), monitor for odor or behavior changes (animal very uncomfortable with bandage will need it to be changed)

Small animal nursing II (18 decks)

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