Exam questions

Question 1

interstitial fluid is separated from the other fluid compartments by which barrier(s)?

Answer 1

cell membrane and vascular endothelium

Question 2

canine blood typing cards are used to detect which blood type?

Answer 2

DEA 1

Question 3

any disease process, fluid or electrolyte imbalance in neonates can lead to…

Answer 3

dehydration

Question 4

which of the following devices is often used to decrease the risk of fluid overload?

Answer 4

buretrol/burrett

Question 5

what are the 3 main fluid compartments in the body?

Answer 5

interstitial, intravascular, intracellular

Question 6

which phase of healing begins immediately after tissue damage?

Answer 6

inflammation

Question 7

at what age do puppies and kittens begin to regulate their own body temperature?

Answer 7

after 2 weeks

Question 8

what clinical signs are expected with alpha-2 agonists?

Answer 8

vasoconstriction and bradycardia

Question 9

what primary IV set should be used for a patient that weighs less than 3.2 kg?

Answer 9

60 gtt/mL micro set

Question 10

what are the two main electrolytes found in the extracellular space?

Answer 10

sodium and chloride

Question 11

when does metabolic acidosis occur?

Answer 11

when the pH is below 7.35

Question 12

sodium is the most abundant cation in which fluid compartment?

Answer 12

extracellular space

Question 13

which fluid additive is most associated with hypokalemia

Answer 13

potassium chloride

Question 14

which fluid should not be administered SQ?

Answer 14

D5W

Question 15

during which part of the etrus cycle does breeding occur?

Answer 15

estrus

Question 16

which fluid type has an osmolarity less than that of blood and provides water in greater proportions than electrolytes?

Answer 16

hypotonic

Question 17

which blood transfusion collection method is used most commonly in canine patients?

Answer 17

closed collection system

Question 18

what is phelbitis?

Answer 18

inflammation of a blood vessel

Question 19

what percent of an animal’s total body weight is water?

Answer 19

60%

Question 20

what is the estimated blood volumes of a cat and a dog?

Answer 20

dog: 80-90 mL/kg
cat: ~70 mL/kg

Question 21

what is an appropriate site for an IO catheter in a neonate?

Answer 21

proximal femur

Question 22

what congenital abnormality involves a non-union of the hard palate?

Answer 22

secondary cleft palate

Question 23

what does a major crossmatch detect?

Answer 23

reactions between a donor’s RBCs and a recipient’s plasma

Question 24

what color should neonatal urine be?

Answer 24

clear
yellow means dehydration

Question 25

what is an example of an insensible fluid loss?

Answer 25

transcutaneous evaporation

Question 26

what part of the eye can be used to indicate fluid overload?

Answer 26

conjunctiva

Question 27

what is the gestation period for cats and dogs?

Answer 27

63 days

Question 28

allodynia

Answer 28

transmission of pain impulses by fibers that normally carry pleasant impulses

Question 29

wind-up phenomenon

Answer 29

the combination of allodynia and hyperanalgesia

Question 30

nociception

Answer 30

the process by which pain is detected by the nervous system

Question 31

modulation

Answer 31

amplifying or dampening of a nerve impulse in the CNS

Question 32

hyperanalgesia

Answer 32

a situation in which less and less stimulation is required to initiate pain

Question 33

what is the appropriate degree of dehydration on a patient that shows increased skin turgor, prolonged CRT, dry mm, and eyes sunken into the orbits?

Answer 33

10-12%

Question 34

fluid administration via SQ route should be at...

Answer 34

body temperature and isotonic

Question 35

during an acute bleeding episode a blood transfusion is needed if the PCV drops below

Answer 35

20-25%

Question 36

if a patient is experiencing respiratory acid/base disturbance the ____ will either retain or excrete _____ to regulate the pH

Answer 36

kidneys, bicarb

Question 37

what vein should be avoided for obtaining a blood sample in a patient suspected of rodenticide toxicity?

Answer 37

jugular

Question 38

you are monitoring a patient during a blood transfusion and obtain a dark colored urine sample, which type of transfusion reaction is most likely occuring?

Answer 38

delayed immunologic hemolytic reaction

Question 39

what is the best route of fluid administration for a 0-5% dehydrated patient that can drink water and isn't vomiting?

Answer 39

oral

Question 40

what is the order of fluid loss from the body?

Answer 40

intravascular, interstitial, intracellular

Question 41

what body system should be monitored closely in a hyperkalemic patient?

Answer 41

cardiovascular

Question 42

what is the maximum rate potassium chloride can be delivered to a patient?

Answer 42

0.5 mEq/kg/hr

Question 43

during a blood transfusion how often should the recipient be monitored during the first hours of the transfusion?

Answer 43

10-15 minutes

Question 44

donor blood plasma is considered to be fresh plasma if used within ____ hours of collection

Answer 44

8

Question 45

what vein is used most commonly during blood collection for a feline blood transfusion?

Answer 45

jugular

Question 46

what type of transfusion reaction is occurring when urticaria is seen?

Answer 46

immunologic non-hemolytic reaction

Question 47

how long is an IV catheter maintained in a patient before it requires changing?

Answer 47

72 hours

Question 48

what does an elevated TP measurement accompanied by an elevated PCV likely indicate?

Answer 48

dehydration