wounds

Question 1

how often is skin renewed

Answer 1

every 30 days

Question 2

define ulcer

Answer 2

a crater like lesion of skin or mucous membrane

Question 3

what happens in the maturation phase of healing (months-years)

Answer 3

capillary regression, collagen remodelling

Question 4

what 3 factors contribute to wound healing?

Answer 4

LOW level of bacteria
HIGH level of ECM (extra cellular maintenance) & growth
LOW level of cytokines

Question 5

what happens in the proliferative stage of healing

Answer 5

angiogenesis ( new blood vessels formed) 
fibroplasia (type 3 collagen turned to type 1)
wound contractor (myofibroblasts & fibroblasts pull edges of wound together)

Question 6

categories of pressure ulcers:

Answer 6

non blanchable erythema of intact skin
partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis
full thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous tissue
damage to bone

Question 7

which ulcers are the less likely to heal

Answer 7

arterial ulcers

Question 8

what are the goals of an arterial ulcer

Answer 8

revascularize and maintain ulcer

Question 9

what are some signs of an arterial ulcer

Answer 9

sloughy, necroctic
pain/burning
changes to nail skin and hair
cold dry skin

Question 10

venous ulcers are 80% of all ulcers. true or false

Answer 10

true

Question 11

what causes venous ulcers

Answer 11

valve failure & muscle pump failure

Question 12

what are some signs of diabetic ulcers

Answer 12

dry cracked skin
structural deformity
loss of protective sensations and motor output

Question 13

what are the goals of diabetic ulcers

Answer 13

control blood sugar

make lifestyle changes

Question 14

what is the appearance of a venous ulcer

Answer 14

atrophe blanche
irregular wound edge
spider veins

Question 15

what are the goals of venous ulcers

Answer 15

to drain and prevent pooling of blood

Question 16

what is the appearance of an arterial ulcer

Answer 16

symmetrical

Question 17

list the 5 steps of wound assessment

Answer 17

anatomical location and size 
the wound bed 
drainage (color, consistency, odor)
periwound (look for undermining and tunneling)
pain (VAS, description from pt)

Question 18

treatment goals for wound healing:

Answer 18

absorb excess fluid
donate moisture
promote debridement
bacterial balance

Question 19

what is debridement

Answer 19

getting rid of stuff around wound by:

autolytic: moist wound healing with enzymes (hypergel)
biologic: maggots
enzymatic: break down collagen attached to tissue
mechanical: sharp object used to take stuff off

Question 20

what type of gel is used for dry wounds?

Answer 20

hydroGEL or hypertonic gel

Question 21

what kind of gel is used for wet wounds?

Answer 21

hydroFIBER

Question 22

anti-biotics work on ONE part of bacteria. true or false

Answer 22

true

Question 23

antimicrobials work on many levels of bacteria. true or false

Answer 23

true

Question 24

what is D.I.M.E

Answer 24

debridement (autolytic,biologic,enzymatic,mechanical)
inflammation/infection
moisture
edge (wound measurements)