arthroplasty Flashcards
define uncemented fixation
the implant surfaces are roughened to allow bony overgrowth
list the 3 posterior approach knee precautions
no flexion past 90
no med rotation
no adduction past midline
differences between cemented and uncemented
cemented: FWB- WBAT , more common approach
uncemented: WBAT or FeWB if result was not reached
when do you need a hip or knee replacement
when cartilage between the bones in their joint has worn away causes pain and stiffness in the joint
what is a partial knee replacement (unicondylar)
only diseased/damaged part is removed
what is TKA
total knee arthroplasty- entire knee joint is removed (femur,patella,fibula)
3 types of hip replacement
THA= Entire joint is removed and replaced
Hip resurfacing =Only the damaged areas are removed Hip revision Previously replaced parts are damaged and need to be replace
4 types of surgical approaches for hip fractures:
Cannulated screws- younger patients, non-displaced fracture
Hemiarthroplasty- full hip precautions, displaced intracapsular
Intramedullary- displaced intracapsular
Complex fracture- guild wires and plates usually NWB, hip precautions
4 Types of hip fractures:
Subcapital Neck Fracture- Where the head and neck of femur meet
Transcervical Neck Fracture- Fracture to the neck of the femur
Intertrochanteric- Between the neck and lesser trochanter
Subtrochanteric- From bottom of lesser trochanter and below
What muscles are cut through during a anterior hip replacement?
Sartorius and rectus femoris
What bones are cut through during a posterior hip replacement?
PSIS, Greater trochanter, and the femoral shaft
What is a pro and con for the posterior hip replacement approach?
Less chance of limping but high risk for dislocations
in a hip resurfaces which parts are removed and what is preserved
Acetabulum and head are removed
neck is preserved
knee precautions:
no twisting, pivoting, kneeling
What are main reasons a surgery is delayed?
Pt is young, unmotivated, obese, infections or co-morbidities
What is hybrid fixation?
When the acetabular component is press fit, but the femoral is cemented. ( one component cemented the other is not)
What are the hip precautions for a lateral approach?
No flexion/ bending past 90 degrees
No inversion/ pigeon toes or twisting
No crossing legs or ankles past mid line(Adduction)
What are the hip precautions for an anterior approach?
No extension
No eversion/ Abduction
What is the most common post op complication and how can it be fixed?
Leg length discrepancies (LLD), Fixed with orthotics (shoe lifts)
why do foot and ankle exercises every hour post op
to prevent blood clots (DVT)
