Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology Exam 2 > Wound Repair 2 > Flashcards

Wound Repair 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Autocrine

A

Cells respond to signaling molecules that they themselves secrete
Autocrine loop
Can cause growth regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Paracrine

A

Ligand released from one cell
Travels and binds to receptors on another nearby cell
Necessary for hepatocyte replication during liver regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endocrine

A

hormones synthesized and released into blood

travels to targets far away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intrinsic Tyrosine Kinase

A

respond to most growth factors
extracellular binding domain, transmembrane portion, cytoplasmic tail with tyrosine kinase activity
ligand bind–>dimerization of receptor, tyrosine auto phosphorylation, goes to effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lacking Intrinsic Tyrosine Kinase Activity

A

recruits kinases
Activate JAK link receptors and activate cytoplasmic TFs
STATs–>nucleus–>activate gene transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

G-Proteins

A

Signals through GTP-binding proteins
7 Transmembrane alpha helices
Chemokines, vasopressin, 5HT, histamine, etc
Lot’s of drugs use this pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Steroid receptors

A

located in nucleus
ligand-dependent TFs
Binds hormone response elements within target genes and other TFs
Thyroid hormone, vitamin D, retinoids, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

A

nuclear receptors

Involved in broad range of responses, adipogenesis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transcription Factors

A

modulate gene transcription
Regulate cell proliferation (c-MYC and c-JUN)
Can activate cell cycle inhibiting genes (p53)
Domains for DNA binding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the source of cells for regeneration that is lost in mammals?

A

No blastema formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Wnt/B-catenin

A

modulates stem cell functions, liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, stimulate oval cell proliferation after injury
Compensatory hyperplasia in remaining parts of organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nephrectomy

A

Able to grow contralateral kidney after unilateral nephrectomy
Nephron hypertrophy
Replication of proximal tubule cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pancreas regeneration

A

able to regenerate Beta cells
Transdifferentiation of ductal cells
Differentiation of putative stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Liver Regeneration

A

Can grow after partial hepatectomy
Resection of 60% of donor sees doubling of liver remnant within 1 month
Compensatory Growth
Triggered by cytokines and GFs
Queiscent cells triggered by TNF and IL-6
Individual hepatocytes replicate once/twice during regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

TGF-A on Liver

A

Autocrine activity will not trigger hepatocyte proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ECM Functions

A

Mechanical support
Control of cell growth
Maintenance of cell differentiation
Scaffoliding of tissue
Establishment of tissue microenvironments
Storage and presentation of regulatory molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Components of ECM

A

Fibrous structural proteins
Adhesive glycoproteins
Proteoglycans and hyaluronan

18
Q

Interstitial matrix

A

Found between cells
Spaces between epithelial, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, CT
Mostly fibrillar and nonfibrillar collagen, elastin, fibronectin, proteogylcans, hyauronan

19
Q

Basement membrane

A 
closely associated with cell surfaces
Nonfibrillar collage (type IV) laminin, heparin sulfate, proteoglycans
20
Q

Type IV Collagen

A

Found in basement membrane with laminin
Long but interrupted triple helical domains
Form sheets

21
Q

Fibrillar Collagens

A

Type I, II, III, V, XI

22
Q

Lysyl oxidase

A

causes cross-linking between chains of adjacent molecules, causes oxidation of lysine and hydroxylysine residues in collagen

23
Q

Vitamin C

A

Required for hydroxylation of procollagen, lack of vitamin explains symptoms in scurvy

24
Q

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Genetic defects in collagen production

25
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

Type I collagen genetic issue

26
Q

Elastic fibers

A

central core of elastin with peripheral network of microfibrils
Substantial amounts of elastin in walls of large blood vessels, uterus, skin, ligaments

27
Q

Fibrillin

A

glycoprotein
Scaffolding for reposition of elastin and assembly of elastic fibers
Influences availability of active TFG-B and ECM

28
Q

Marfan Syndrome

A

Inherited defects in fibrillin
Formation of abnormal elastic fibers
Changes in cardiovascular system

29
Q

Integrins

A

Bind to ECM proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, and osteopontin
Connection between cells and ECM and adhesive proteins in other cells

30
Q

Fibronectin

A

Large proteins
Bind to many molecules (colalgen, fibrin, proteoglycans and cell surface receptors)
2 glycoprotein chains, held together by disulfide bonds

31
Q

Cadherins

A 
Transmembrane receptors
Bind similar or different molecules in other cells
ZAs
Desmosomes
Link surface with cytoskeleton
32
Q

E-Cadherin dysfunction

A

Diminished function seen in certain forms of breast, gastric cancer

33
Q

Plasma Fibronectin

A

Binds to fibrin
Stabilizes blood clot that fills the gaps in wounds
Substratum for ECM deposition and formation of provisional matrix during would healing

34
Q

Laminin

A

Most abundant glycoprotein in basement membrane
Binding domains for ECM and cell surface receptors
Mediates attachment of cells to connective tissue substrates

35
Q

ZA

A

Zonula adherens

Small spotlike junctions located near the apical surface of epithelial cells

36
Q

Desomosomes

A

Stronger and more extensive junctions

Present in epithelial and music cells

37
Q

SPARC

A

secreted protein acidic and rich in cystine
Osteonectin
Contributes to tissue remodeling in response to injury
Functions as angiogenesis inhibitor

38
Q

Thrombospondins

A

Large multifunctional proteins
Similar to SPARC
Inhibit angiogenesis

39
Q

GAGs

A

3rd component of ECM
Long repeating polymers of specific disaccharides
Linked to core protein, forms molecules called proteoglycans

40
Q

Proteoglycan

A

Protein core with attached GAG
Act as modulators-inflammation, immune response, cell growth/differentiation, binds proteins/GFs and activates cell signaling

41
Q

GAG Types

A

Heparan sulfate
Chondroitin/dermatan sulfate
Keratan sulfate
Hyaluronan (HA)

42
Q

Hyaluronan

A

Produced at Plasma membrane
binds large amount of water, forms viscous hydrated gel
Resist compression
Found in heart valves, skin, skeletal tissues, synovial fluod, etc
Resiliance and lubrication to CT
Can increase in inflammatory diseases

Pathology Exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions