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Applied Anatomy and Physiology > Wound Healing > Flashcards

Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

Wound

A

A cut or break in continuity or any tissue caused by injury or operation. They can be both internal or external.

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2
Q

Local factors affecting repair

A

Infection, poor blood supply, foreign bodies, movement, type, size and location

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3
Q

Systematic factors affecting repair

A

Age, nutrition, uncontrolled diabetes, haematological disorders

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4
Q

How does age affect repair?

A

Due to reduced elasticity and degranulation of elastic tissue and collagen fibres in the dermal layer.

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5
Q

How does nutrition affect tissue?

A

Deficiency of vitamin c, proteins and zinc all play a role in the formation of collagen

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6
Q

How does uncontrolled diabetes affect wound healing?

A

It makes them more prone to develop infection, they may develop poor circulation hence a delay in healing

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7
Q

What haematological disorders affect wound healing?

A

Neutropenia and bleeding disorders that slow the healing process.

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8
Q

What tissue recovers well?

A

Skin and connective tissue

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9
Q

Why does skin and connective tissue heal well?

A

They contain stem cells, undifferentiated cells that can divide and renew the cells that have died

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10
Q

What is stable tissue?

A

The liver

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11
Q

How does stable tissue recover?

A

By having mature, differentiated cells divide or regenerate

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12
Q

What is permanent tissue?

A

Muscle, cartilage and cardiac tissues

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13
Q

Why does stable tissue take time to heal?

A

They lack stem cells and cannot replicate

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14
Q

Primary intention

A

Wound edges come together and the stem cells in the epidermis are bought close together, regenerating the damaged tissue leaving and minimal scar.

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15
Q

Secondary intention

A

Occurs when the wound edges are too far from one another. The stem cells do not approximate, so the wound is replaced by connective tissue that grows from the base of the wound upwards.

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16
Q

Tertiary intnetion

A

A wound is cleaned and left open due to an increased chance of being contaminated by bacteria. If its closed too early, bacteria can be trapped, leading to abscess or infection.

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17
Q

Types of tissues

A

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue.

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18
Q

Epitehlial tissue

A

Lines the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels

19
Q

Connective tissue

A

Found in between other tissues all over the body

20
Q

Muscular tissue

A

Gives rise to the muscles ability to contract

21
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Composed of the nerves, brain and spinal cord and its function is to receive stimuli and send the impulses to the CNS.

22
Q

Superficial

A

Loss of the epidermis

23
Q

Partial thickness

A

Involves the epidermis and dermis

24
Q

Full thickness

A

Involves dermis, subcut fat and bone

25
Q

Signs of infection

A

Redness, swelling, fluid leaking, heat, increased pain, smell

26
Q

Stages of wound assessment

A

Inspect, palpate and move

27
Q

Inspect

A

Type, location, size, depth, odour, colour, swelling and contaminates

28
Q

Palpate

A

Surrounding sensation, temperature, capillary refil time, pulses

29
Q

Move

A

Structures, range of movement and power

30
Q

Types of dressing

A

Gauze, transparent film, hydrocolloid, hydro-gel, cloth, foam

31
Q

Transparent film

A

Surgical incisions, IV sites

32
Q

Hydrocolloid

A

Burns, ulcers, wounds emitting liquid

33
Q

Hydrogel

A

Leaking little or no fluid, second degree burns and infected wounds

34
Q

Cloth

A

Minor injuries, grazes or cuts

35
Q

Purpose of dressing

A

Apply pressure to control bleeding, provide a barrier, reduce pain, remove non-viable tissue, optimise healing conditions

36
Q

Four stages of wound healing

A

Hemostasis, inflammatory, prolifertive, remodelling

37
Q

Four stages of inflammatory response

A

Recognition, recruitment, removal, repair

38
Q

Why does infection cause redness?

A

Vasodilation of the blood vessels which causes increased blood flow to the affected area in order to help immune cells reach the area faster

39
Q

Why does infection cause fluid to leak?

A

The result of blood vessels dilating during healing; the IS is protecting itself by releasing fluid to clean the area. The body is creating a moist environment

40
Q

Why does infection cause heat?

A

Caused by the release of vasoactive chemicals, increasing blood flow to the area

41
Q

Why should an infection be cleaned with normal saline?

A

It is an isotonic solution that does not donate or draw fluid away fro the wound bed and does not impede normal healing

42
Q

Non adherent dressing

A

Used for minor wounds designed to protect the fragile tissue to minimise trauma

43
Q

Vaccines

A

Tetanus vaccinations within the last ten years

Applied Anatomy and Physiology (13 decks)

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