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Patient Care final > Wound Healing > Flashcards

Wound Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 phases of Healing?

A
  1. Inflammatory Stage (0-2 wks)
  2. Proliferation/Repair (days to 6 weeks)
  3. Maturation/Remodeling (6 weeks to 2 years)
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2
Q

Five things we must know about Inflammatory Phase:

A
  1. understand pathogenic mechanisms
  2. amplification of initial response is key
  3. inflammation persists until stimulus is removed
  4. inflammation is potentially dangerous
  5. therapeutic strategies target critical control points in cycle
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3
Q

What is the key to responding to inflammation?

A

amplification

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4
Q

What are the cardinal signs? (5)

A
  • redness
  • edema
  • head
  • pain
  • loss of function
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5
Q

what type of inflammation contains plasma cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages?

A

Chronic inflammation

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6
Q

what are three outcomes of acute inflammation? (healing factors)

A
  • resolution
  • abscess
  • scar
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7
Q

the hydrostatic pressure of blood is normally nearly balanced by oncotic pressure of plasma proteins

A

Starling’s Law

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8
Q

What are the three phases of inflammation?

A

Initiation
Amplification
Termination

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9
Q

What phase of inflammation consists of changes in microvasculature, structural changes leading to extravasation and emigration of WBCs to site?

A

Initiation Phase

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10
Q

Describe amplification? Phase 2 of inflammation

A

when both soluble mediators and cellular inflammatory systems are activated and amplified

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11
Q

what phase is accomplished by specific inhibition or dissipation of mediators

A

Termination phase of inflammation

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12
Q

What are some primary effects of inflammation?

A 
vasodialation/vasoconstriction
activation of inflammatory cells
chemotaxis
cytotoxicityy (kills cells)
tissue degradation
pain 
fever
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13
Q

What are the sources of inflammatory mediators?

A 
cell derived ( proteins, phospholipids, mast cells, platelets)
inactive precursors in plasma
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14
Q

What are:

  • Vasoactive amines
  • Plasma Proteins
  • Kinin System ( powerful vasodialators)
  • Coagulation pathway
  • Fibrinolytic pathway (dissolves clots)
  • Arachidonic acid metabolites
  • Platelet activating factor
  • Cytokines
  • nitric oxide (peroxide)
A

Chemical mediators of inflammation

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15
Q

what is a vasoactive amine that is abundant in mast cells that increases permeability around blood vessels?

A

Histamine

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16
Q

what is a vasoactive amine that is similiar to histamine, and released after platet aggreation

A

Serotonin

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17
Q

What is the most important product of the kinin system in inflammation? what does it do?

A

Bradykinin and vascular dilation and pain

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18
Q

What is the vascular Reaction in inflammation

A
  • immediate vasoconstriction
  • clotting
  • margination and diapedesis
  • neutrophils and Macrophages
  • vasodilation
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19
Q

What stage of inflammation is when PMNs and macrophages are recruited to the site of injury by blood?

A

Apmlification

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20
Q

how long is recruitement of macrophages in inflammation?

A

6- 48 hours

21
Q

what is the process of directed cell migration which is a dynamic and energy dependent?

A

chemotaxis

22
Q

what is a pivotal cell that secretes many diff molecules under various influences

A

macrophage

23
Q

what activates macrophages?

A

platelets
cytokines
fibronectin

24
Q

What can damage the host?

A

extracellular release of enzymes and activated oxygen species

25
Q

What is present in chronic inflammation?

A 
mononuclear cells (macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells)
ongoing inflammation causes tissue destruction
26
Q

What is not present in chronic inflammation?

A

neutrophils only macrophages and monocytes

27
Q

What is the clinical hallmark of inflammtion?

A

fever

28
Q

most common gram negative septicemia (bacteria in blood)

A

shock

29
Q

Types of drainage:

A
  • Serous
  • Serosanguineous
  • Purulent
  • Dessication (scab)
  • Slough
  • Eschar
  • Maceration
30
Q

clear/clear yellow

A

serous

31
Q

blood tinged

A

serosanguneous

32
Q

creamy yellow, presence of neutrophiles, macrophages , pus

A

purulent

33
Q

yellow or yellow whitish

A

slough

34
Q

brown, black dead or damaged

A

eschar

35
Q

white colored healthy tissue, over hydrated

A

maceration

36
Q

What is the second stage of wound healing?

A

proliferation

37
Q

how long does proliferation usually last?

A

20 days

38
Q

what is the purpose of proliferation?

A

cover the wound and provide strength to the injury site

39
Q

What cells are involved in the proliferation stage?

A

fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and monocytes/macrophages

40
Q

Four stages of simultaneous process

A
  1. Re-epitheliazation
  2. collagen protection
  3. wound contraction
  4. neovascularization
41
Q

what provides a barrier and prevents fluid and electrolyte loss an decreases the risk of infection?

A

re-epitheliazation

42
Q

What slows down moist healing (re-epitheliazation)?

A

scars

43
Q

What occurs during the fibroblastic phase of wound healing?

A

collagen production

44
Q

What type of collagen is present in fibroblastic phase of wound healing?

A

Type III and Type I

45
Q

Compared to normal tissue how strong is the new scar?

A

70-80%

46
Q

What is the third PHASE OF HEALING?

A

Maturation/remodeling

47
Q

What type of scar is excess tissue outside the perimeter of original wound?

A

keloid

48
Q

excessive remains within perimeter of orginal wound?

A

hypertrophic

Patient Care final (7 decks)

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