world war l Flashcards
nationalism
patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.
Risorgimento
Italian unification, or the Risorgimento, was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century.
Young Italian Movememt
was a political movement for Italian youth (under age 40) founded in 1831 by Giuseppe Mazzini. Its goal was to create a united Italian republic through promoting a general insurrection in the Italian reactionary states and in the lands occupied by the Austrian Empire.
giuseppe garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian general, politician and nationalist who played a large role in the history of Italy.
liberal
a supporter or member of a Liberal Party.
unification
the process of being united or made into a whole.
Otto Von Bismarck
Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg, known as Otto von Bismarck, was a conservative Prussian statesman who dominated German and European affairs from the 1860s until 1890.
kaiser
the German emperor, the emperor of Austria, or the head of the Holy Roman Empire.
“Kaiser Wilhelm”
the zollverein
The Zollverein ([ˈtsɔlfɛɐ̯ˌʔaɪn]) or German Customs Union was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories. Organized by the 1833 Zollverein treaties, the Zollverein formally came into existence on 1 January 1834.
the junkers
The Junkers were the members of the landed nobility in Prussia. They owned great estates that were maintained and worked by peasants with few rights.
franco prussian war
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire of Napoleon III and the German states of the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.
realpolitik
a system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.
czar alexander ll
Alexander II was the Emperor of Russia from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. He was also the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Finland.
emancipation
the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.
serfs
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord’s estate.
social democracy party
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (German: Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) is a social-democratic political party in Germany.
aurocrat
relating to a ruler who has absolute power.
pogroms
A pogrom is a violent riot aimed at the massacre or persecution of an ethnic or religious group, particularly one aimed at Jews.
nihilists
the rejection of all religious and moral principles, often in the belief that life is meaningless.
duma
A duma is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term comes from the Russian verb думать meaning “to think” or “to consider”.
wwtanzimat reforma
series of reforms promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876 under the reigns of the sultans Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz.
dual monarchy
Dual monarchy occurs when two separate kingdoms are ruled by the same monarch, follow the same foreign policy, exist in a customs union with each other and have a combined military but are otherwise self-governing.
crimean league
The Crimean War was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to March 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.
treaty of sanstefano
Treaty of San Stefano (săn stĕf´ənō), 1878, peace treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, at the conclusion of the last of the Russo-Turkish Wars; it was signed at San Stefano (now Yeşilköy), a village W of İstanbul, Turkey.
militarism
the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
alliance system
a formal agreement or treaty between two or more nations to cooperate for specific purposes. a merging of efforts or interests by persons, families, states, or organizations: an alliance between church and state.
triple alliance
The Triple Alliance, also known as the Triplice, was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until World War I. Germany and Austria-Hungary had been closely allied since 1879
triple entene
an informal understanding among Great Britain, France, and Russia based on a Franco-Russian military alliance (1894), an Anglo-French entente (1904), and an Anglo-Russian entente (1907). It was considered a counterbalance to the Triple Alliance but was terminated when the Bolsheviks came into control in Russia in 1917.
kuiturkampt
Kulturkampf is a German term referring to a set of policies enacted from 1871 to 1878 by the Prime Minister of Prussia, Otto von Bismarck, in relation to secularity and the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the Kingdom of Prussi
reichstag
The Reichstag building is a historical edifice in Berlin, Germany, constructed to house the Imperial Diet, of the German Empire. It was opened in 1894 and housed the Diet until 1933, when it was severely damaged after it was set on fire.
treaty of prague
The Peace of Prague was a peace treaty signed between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire at Prague on 23 August 1866, ending the Austro-Prussian War.
