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Canadian History > World War II > Flashcards

World War II Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Adolf Hitler’s role in WWII?

A

He came to power as the leader of the Nazi party in Germany, Commander of the Third Reich. He was a fascist, and committed suicide in a bunker in Berlin on April 30, 1945.

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2
Q

What was Joseph Stalin’s role in WWII?

A

He was the leader in Russia, and a communist.

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3
Q

What was Emperor Hirohito’s role in WWII?

A

He was the leader of Japan, worshiped like a god in his country, and was a fascist.

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4
Q

What was Mackenzie King’s role in WWII?

A

He was the Prime Minister of Canada, a democrat, handled the conscription crisis, and created the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan.

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5
Q

What was Winston Churchill’s role in WWII?

A

He was the Prime Minister of Britain, came to power in the beginning of the war, and was a democrat.

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6
Q

What was Benito Mussolini’s role in WWII?

A

He was the fascists leader of Italy, invaded Ethiopia with illegal weapons, and was executed April 28, 1945 with his mistress.

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7
Q

What was Franklin Roosevelt’s role in WWII?

A

He was the President of the USA, and they got involved after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor.

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8
Q

What was the RAF?

A

The Royal Air Force of Britain.

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9
Q

What was Blitzkrieg?

A

A new military strategy that relied on speed and coordination; known as ‘lightening war’ in English. Used by Hitler to conquer Europe.

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10
Q

What was Lebensraum?

A

Living space for the German people, Hitler’s excuse for invading other countries.

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11
Q

What was totalitarianism?

A

A form of government or state that controls all phases of people’s lives.

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12
Q

What was the Manhattan project?

A

The American research project to develop nuclear bombs.

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13
Q

What was ‘Mein Kampf’?

A

A book written by Hitler; in English ‘My Struggle’.

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14
Q

What was the Atlantic Wall?

A

The German defense line set up along the coast of France.

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15
Q

Who were Axis powers?

A

Germany, Italy and Japan.

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16
Q

What was appeasement and who supported it?

A

Agreeing to Hitler’s demands to avoid a war. Neville Chamberlain and Mackenzie King were some of the main supporters of appeasement.

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17
Q

What happened in the Munich conference?

A

In 1938, Britain, France and Italy let Hitler have Sudetenland and the rest of Czechoslovakia go to Poland and Hungary, if he promised to not take any more land.

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18
Q

What were the six events in chronological order that led up to WWII?

A
  • Hitler marched on the Rhineland, Britain and France didn’t attempt to stop him (1936)
  • Hitler forced Austria to join Germany, violating the Treaty of Versailles. (1938)
  • In the Munich conference, Germany was allowed Sudetenland in return for the promise of peace. (1938)
  • Germany takes all of Czechoslovakia, violating the Munich Pact. (1939)
  • Hitler invades Poland. Germany had a Non-Aggression Pact with the USSR. (1939)
  • Britain and France declare war and Canada follows one week later. (1939)
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19
Q

Which group of Canadians were placed in internment camps in British Columbia during WWII?

A

Japanese

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20
Q

Where were the American nuclear bombs dropped?

A

Nagasaki and Hiroshima

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21
Q

Which Battle did the Canadians win on Christmas 1943?

A

The Battle of Ortona.

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22
Q

Who were the four dictators of WWII?

A

Hitler, Mussolini, Hirohito and Stalin.

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23
Q

What were the nicknames of the two nuclear bombs dropped on Japan?

A

Fat Man and Little Boy.

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24
Q

When and what was V.E. Day?

A

The Germans formally surrendered on May 8, 1945, known as Victory-in-Europe Day.

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25
Q

What was Kristallnacht?

A

“The Night of Broken Glass”. In November 1938, Nazis destroyed thousands of Jewish businesses and synagogues in response to the assassination of a German diplomat in Paris by a Polish Jewish student.

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26
Q

When did Hitler and Stalin sign the Non-Aggression Pact?

A

On August 23, 1939

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27
Q

When did Hitler break the Non-Aggression Pact?

A

He invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941

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28
Q

How did Canadian women contribute to the war efforts in WWII? (6)

A

They built planes (Hurricanes, Helldivers) and other resources needed, ran wartime production, went into male-dominated fields, sent care packages over to Europe, rationed food and resources, and served as war nurses, in the air force, or navy.

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29
Q

When was the Battle of Hong Kong?

A

Canadian troops were assigned in early December 1941, Japanese began attacking on December 8th, and Canadians lost by Christmas.

30
Q

How many Canadians surrendered in the Battle of Hong Kong? How many of those died in the Japanese labour camps?

A

1,860 surrendered, and due to malnourishment and disease, 264 of those died in Japanese labour camps.

31
Q

What were the three main locations of the Italian campaign and when did they occur?

A

Allies landed in Sicily in on July 10, 1943.
Palermo falls July 22.
Entered Ortona December 21st, 1943 and by December 27th Canadians had triumphed.

32
Q

When was Mussolini arrested during the Italian campaign?

A

July 24

33
Q

What was significant about the Battle of Ortona? (4)

A

Canadians defeated the best German unit, solidified our international fighting reputation due to all the hand-to-hand combat, raised morale, and Italy was the door into Europe which turned the tide of the war.

34
Q

How many Canadians were killed or wounded in the Battle of Ortona?

A

1400 dead and 1600 wounded.

35
Q

When was the Battle of Britain?

A

July 10, 1940 - September 6, 1940

36
Q

What was Hitler’s original plan to invade Britain?

A

In Operation Sealion, Hitler wanted to have soldiers land on the English shore, take over the UK, and eliminate British resistance.

37
Q

How did Canada help Britain during the German siege? (3)

A

Canada sent over pilots from the RCAF to help defend against the Lufewaffe, and sent radar personnel and replacement aircrafts.

38
Q

What started the Blitz?

A

A German bomber bombed London, and in retaliation the RAF got passed the Lufewaffe and was able to bomb Berlin. In response, Hitler ordered the Blitz to break the spirit of the British people.

39
Q

What was the Blitz and what happened?

A

The Blitz was the nightly bombing of London and other British cities for 57 consecutive nights, killing roughly 43,000.

40
Q

What was the code-name for D-Day and when was it?

A

The code-name was Operation Overlord and it began on June 6, 1944 on the banks of France.

41
Q

What were the 5 sectors the Allies were split into?

A

Utah (American), Omaha (American), Gold (British), Juno (Canadian), and Sword (British).

42
Q

How did Canada contribute to D-Day?

A

There were 14,000 Canadian soldiers of the 150,000 Allied soldiers, and the RCN gave 110 ships and 10,000 sailors.

43
Q

How many Canadians were killed or wounded in D-Day?

A

There were 1074 casualties, 359 of which were dead.

44
Q

What was the reason for the raid on Dieppe?

A

The USSR was demanding help and the soldiers were getting restless.

45
Q

When was the raid on Dieppe?

A

It began at 5am on August 19, 1942, and the Allies were forced to retreat by 10:50am of the same day.

46
Q

How many Canadians did not make it back from Dieppe?

A

1,000 Canadians were killed, roughly 500 wounded, and almost 2,000 taken captive by the Germans.

47
Q

What are four characteristics of a fascist regime?

A
  • Dictatorial power has complete control over society and economy.
  • Need of nation takes importance over the needs of the individual.
  • National unity achieved by playing down rivals.
  • Gov’t controls education, media, and religion.
  • Propaganda and fear used by government
  • Leader is decisive, controlling and charismatic
  • Violence and suppression of rights justified as means of achieving progress.
48
Q

What were the five stages of the Holocaust?

A

Identification and Stripping of Rights, Segregation, Concentration Camps, Final Solution and Aftermath.

49
Q

What happened in the Identification and Stripping of Rights stage?

A

Nazis began persecuting Jews in 1933

The Nuremberg laws were introduced in 1935, which stripped Jews of their rights, and made interracial marriage illegal.

50
Q

What happened in the Segregation stage?

A

1939-1941, Jews were forced to live in ghettos and slums. 356 established throughout Poland, Soviet Union, Romania, Czechoslovakia and Hungary.

51
Q

What happened in the Concentration Camp stage?

A

Minorities held in concentration camps, death camps and labour camps, and subjected to starvation, poor living conditions, and inhumane medical experiments.

52
Q

What happened in the Final Solution stage?

A

In 1941, when Nazis invaded Russia, the official killing of minorities began.

53
Q

What happened in the Aftermath stage?

A

In 1945 - 1949, Nuremberg trials were held and 24 Nazi leaders were tried for their war crimes.
Holocaust Remembrance Day was established in 1951

54
Q

What were four technological advancements made in WWII?

A

Radar, sonar, the enigma machine, and better food and medicine.

55
Q

What was radar used for then, and what is it used for today?

A

It was used to detect enemy planes and increased interception rates to over 75%. Now its used for Plan Position Indicator on ships, air traffic control and air defense.

56
Q

What was sonar used for then, and what is it used for today?

A

It was used to detect positions of German submarines. Now its used to see things on the ocean floor, for ultrasounds and MIR machines.

57
Q

What was the Enigma Machine used for then, and what is it used for today?

A

It was used to decipher German code. Now its used in encryption software for scrambling messages sent via the Internet.

58
Q

Which European leader did Mackenzie King meet a couple years before WWII?

A

Hitler

59
Q

What was the first Battle of WWII that Canada participated in?

A

The Battle of Dunkirk.

60
Q

Where was the Battle of Britain fought?

A

In the skies of Britain.

61
Q

What was Nazi Germany’s plan to kill all the Jews in Europe?

A

Final Solution

62
Q

Which battle involved British civilian ships rescuing soldiers from France?

A

The Battle of Dunkirk

63
Q

Which German operation was almost successful in capturing Moscow, until the winter caused difficulties for his troops?

A

Operation Barbarossa

64
Q

What is the name of a ship given to a group of unarmed ships accompanied by a battleship?

A

A convoy

65
Q

What is the name of the area along the German border with France, that Hitler wanted to re-militarize?

A

The Rhineland

66
Q

Which Chinese province did Japan attack in 1932?

A

Manchuria

67
Q

When was the liberation of the Netherlands?

A

May 5, 1945

68
Q

What happened in Canada as a response to the attack on Pearl Harbour?

A

Internment camps

69
Q

What was the name given to women who married soldiers from other countries during the first and second world wars?

A

War brides

70
Q

Which country did Italy invade just before WWII?

A

Ethiopia

71
Q

Was Canada on the side of the Axis or Allied powers?

A

Allied

Canadian History (5 decks)

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