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Social Studies > World War I > Flashcards

World War I Flashcards

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1
Q

Militarism

A

policy of building up strong armed focus to prepare for war.

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2
Q

Alliances

A

agreement between nations to aid and protect one another.

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3
Q

Nationalism

A

pride in one’s nation.

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4
Q

Imperialism

A

policy of powerful country seeking to control the economic and political affairs of weaker countries.

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5
Q

Assassination

A

(Immediate Cause) Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated by Gavrilo Princip a member of a terrorist group called the Black Hand.

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6
Q

Austria

A

Hungary declared war on Serbia.

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7
Q

Germany

A

declared war on Russia and France.

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8
Q

Britain

A

declared war on Germany.

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9
Q

Central Powers

A

Germany, Austria- Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire. GBAT

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10
Q

Allied Powers

A

France, Britain, Russia, Italy, and 21 other nations. FIRB

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11
Q

Stalemate

A

deadlock in which neither side is strong enough to defeat the other.

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12
Q

November 1914

A

a German advance + an Allied counter attack had produced nothing but a stalemate.

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13
Q

Trench Warfare

A

soldiers spent day after day shelling the enemy trenches. An attack would beg in with hours of heavy artillery fire, then would charge over the trenches.

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14
Q

New Weapon

A

chlorine + mosterd gas.

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15
Q

American Neutrality

A

When war broke out the U.S. government wanted to remain neutral. Public opinion was divided-most favored Britain, German Americans favored the Central Powers, many, Jews favored Germany over Russia.

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16
Q

Effects of the War

A

American farmers & manufacturers profited from trading with the Allies and Central Powers. As a neutral nation, the U.S. claimed the right to trade with either side.

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17
Q

U-boat

A

German submarine. Attacked merchant ships

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18
Q

Propaganda

A

spreading of ideas that help a cause or hurt an opposing cause.

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19
Q

May 7, 1915

A

A German U-boat torpedoed the Lusitania a British passenger ship, off the coast of Ireland.

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20
Q

Sussex Pledge

A

Before attacking any ship U-boats would surface and give warning.

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21
Q

The Zimmerman Plot

A

Arthur Zimmerman, Germany’s foreign secretary, sent a secret note to the German minister in Mexico.

22
Q

Zimmerman telegram

A

Instructed the minister to urge Mexico to attack the U.S. if the U.S. declared war on Germany. In return, Germany would help Mexico win back land it lost in the Southwest.

23
Q

April 2, 1917

A

President Wilson went before Congress to ask for a declaration of war.

24
Q

Reasons:

A

Unrestricted Submarine warfare by Germany, Many Americans favored Britain and France, Zimmerman telegram angered many Americans, American trade with the Allies was growing.

25
Q

Raising an army

A

African Americans served in segregated units. 4 million volunteered for military service.

26
Q

Draft

A

law required people to serve in the military.

27
Q

Selective Service Act

A

Required men between 21-30 to register for the draft.

28
Q

Food Administration

A

Wheatless Mondays, Meatless Tuesdays, Herbert Hoover, Plant “victory gardens”

29
Q

Raising Money

A

Americans were lending to government for war. Charlie Chaplin and Mary Picktard helped sell liberty bonds. Four Minute Men Speakers. Raised money (21 billion) Celebrities gave speeches about making sacrifices for the war.

30
Q

Managing Industry

A

U.S. was not ready when it entered WWI

31
Q

War Industries Board

A

told factories what to produce, how much to produce, + what prices to set shared resources.

32
Q

War Labor Board

A

settled disputes over working hours, wages, + prevented strikers.

33
Q

Nov. 1917

A

the Bolsheviks seized power from Russia’s government.

34
Q

Russia Makes a Separate Peace

A

Lead by Vladmir Lenin, Lenin embraced the ideas of Karl Marx, Marx believed the workers around the world would unite to overthrow the ruling class. Lenin believed that the war would only benefit the ruling class. Russia gave up large amounts of land to Germany coal mines and other valuable resources in Russia.

35
Q

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk-Treaty

A

worked out between Germany and Russia ending Russia’s participation in the war.

36
Q

june 1918

A

American troops arrive in France lead by General John J. Pershing.

37
Q

American Expeditionary Force

A

Pershing wanted American troops to operate as separate units.n In the end, Pershing agreed to let some Americans fight with the British and French. The Harlem Hell Fighters were awarded the Croix de Guerre (Cross of War) by the French. Their highest military honor.

38
Q

Battle of Belleau Wood

A

raged for 3 weeks. Marines charged machine gun nets, when one fell another took his place. U.S. suffered great casualties. “Devil Dogs” by the Germans.

39
Q

Battle of the Argonne Forest

A

After 47 days, the Allied forces were able to break through the German defense.

40
Q

Allies win the War

A

Sergeant Alvin York wiped out a nest of German machine gunners. It helped to clear the way for advancing troops. British, French, and Belgian forces also smashes through German lines.

41
Q

Armistice

A

an agreement to stop fighting.

42
Q

Wilson set up two conditions

A
  1. Germany must accept his plan for peace.

2. The German emperor must abdicate-give up power.

43
Q

Armistice Ends the War

A

On the eleventh day of the eleventh month at the eleventh hour in 1918 WWI ended.

44
Q

Fourteen Points

A

President Wilson’s goal for peace after WWI.

45
Q

Wilson’s Fourteen Points Peace Plan

A

End to secret agreements.

Freedom of the seas.

46
Q

Self-determinstion

A

the right of national groups to have their own territory and forms of government.

47
Q

League of Nations

A

General association of nations, it would protect the independence of all countries.

48
Q

Treaty of Versailles

A

Wilson wanted peace without victory, he opposed punishing the defeated powers. Germany had to pay the Allis reparations. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France. Germany lost it’s overseas colonies, which were put under the control of Britain and France. Germany was not allowed to build up it’s military.

49
Q

War guilt clause

A

Germany had to accept responsibility for the war.

50
Q

Reparations

A

Cash payments for losses that had been suffered.

51
Q

The fight for the Versailles Treaty

A

Isolationists opposed the League of Nation. Lodge & isolationists felt the league would involve the U.S. in another war. Wilson believed that Lodge’s changes would weaken the League. Other nations joined the League, the U.S. did not.

52
Q

Henry Cabot Lodge wanted changes in the treaty that would:

A
  1. Ensure that the U.S. remained independent in the league.

2. Wanted Congress to have the power to decide on whether the U.S. would follow League policy.

Social Studies (8 decks)

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