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World History > World War 2 > Flashcards

World War 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Capitalism

A

An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned and money is invested in business ventures to make a profit.

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2
Q

Stalin

A

Means “man of steel”. Leader of Communist party that established Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union and leader of USSR

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3
Q

Chamberlain

A

British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain gave in to Hitler’s demand to take Sudetenland.

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4
Q

FDR

A

Was president when Pearl Harbor was attacked. FDR declared war on Japan and entered the US into WWII.

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5
Q

Rise of Totalitarianism (What allowed this to happen? What is it?

A

Stalin got rid of all opposition and wanted the USSR to become one of the most powerful nations in the world. Totalitarianism is a government that takes total, centralized control over every aspect of public and private life.

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6
Q

Socialism

A

The factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.

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7
Q

Communism

A

A form of complete socialism in which the means of production - all land, mines, factories, railroads and businesses-would be owned by the people. Private property cease to exist.

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8
Q

Fascism

A

a militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader.Fascists did not seek a classless society.and were nationalists.

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9
Q

Democracy

A

Government by the people and is also a way of life and an ideal goal such as free and open elections.

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10
Q

Mussolini

A

Founded the Fascist Party in Italy.

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11
Q

Hitler

A

Head of the Nazi party. Took control of German economic, political and every aspect of German life. Started war on the Jews.

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12
Q

Churchill

A

British Prime Minister after Chamberlain. Great speaker and leader that vowed to crush Germany.

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13
Q

Truman

A

Truman was the president of the US when the Atomic Bomb was dropped. He warned Japan but they ignored the warning.

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14
Q

Eisenhower

A

American General that lead an allied force of more than 100,000 troops in Morocco and Algeria. Became supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe.

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15
Q

MacArthur

A

Commander of the Allied land forces in the Pacific during WWII.
“I shall return”

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16
Q

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

Kellogg (US) Briand (France) pledged “to renounce war as an instrument of national policy.”

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17
Q

League of Nations & unenforceable peace

A

An international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations. Enemy and neutral nations excluded. League of Nations was in no position to take to keep the peace.

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18
Q

Rise of Totalitarianism (What allowed this to happen? What is it?)

A

A government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life. Stalin was able to push totalitarianism as a way to improve the economy to compete with advanced countries.

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19
Q

Weimar Republic

A

Germany’s democratic government setup in 1919.

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20
Q

Appeasement

A

Giving in to an aggressor to keep peace.

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21
Q

Blitzkrieg

A

Military Strategy “lightning war” with fast moving airplanes and tanks, followed by massive infantry forces to take enemy defenders by surprise. Worked when they attacked Poland.

22
Q

Genocide

A

systematic killing of an entire people.

23
Q

Pacifism

A

The belief that any violence, including war, is unjustifiable under any circumstances, and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means.

24
Q

Isolationism

A

The belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided.

25
Q

Mein Kampf

A

Hitler wrote this book about his beliefs and goals for Germany

  • Germans were master race.
  • Non Aryan’s were inferior.
  • The Treaty of Versailles was an outrage.
  • Germany needed more living space.
  • Ge space by conquering eastern Europe and Russia.
26
Q

Hitler’s Relationship with Stalin (Nazi-Soviet Pact)

A

Fascist Germany and Communist Russia publicly pledged never to attack one another.

27
Q

Hitler’s 1st Moves in Europe (Rhineland, Austria, Czech, Poland)

A

Hitler broke the Versailles Treaty and moved into the forbidden Rhineland, then annexed Austria, Czech, Polland. Czech asked France and England for help but they chose appeasement and Hitler took control.

28
Q

The Phoney War

A

France and Britain declared war on Germany. They sent troops to Maginot Line along The French Border. german troops lined up on Siegfried Line a few miles away. They stared at each other but never shot. Sitzkrieg is “sitting war”.

29
Q

Dunkirk

A

Germans had trapped the Allied forces at Dunkirk France with the English Channel behind them. Great Britain sent 850 ships (yachts, lifeboats, motor boats, fishing boats and navy ships) back and forth between England and Dunkirk to rescue 338,000 soldiers.

30
Q

Battle of Britain / London Blitz

A

Germans bombed London from summer of 1940 until May 1941. Londoners hid in the subways and basements. The Germans gave up bombing because of the British Resistance. The Allies learned that Hitler’s attacks could be blocked.

31
Q

Operation Barabossa

A

Hitler’s plan to invade the Soviet Union but the Germans never gained control. It lasted 2 years and 500,000 Germans died.

32
Q

US Lend - Lease Act

A

Established in 1941, the US president could lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country vital to the USA.

33
Q

Nuremberg Laws

A

Anti Jewish laws that classified Jews by how many grandparents were Jewish and took away many of their basic rights, German citizenship and Jews could not marry non Jews. These laws later applied to gypsies and blacks.

34
Q

Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass)

A

Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes and businesses and synagogues and broke all of the windows and destroyed what was inside.

35
Q

Concentration Camps

A

Slave labor prisons located in Germany and Polland. Hitler hoped that horrible conditions would speed up the total elimination of Jews.

36
Q

Hitler’s Targets (order of targets and reason for targeting)

A

Hitler believed in the purity of the Aryan race so the Nazi’s had to eliminate subhumans - gypsies, Poles, Russians, homosexuals, insane, disabled, incur ably ill and mostly the Jews.

37
Q

Holocaust (Who? Where? EXACTLY what happened)

A

Jews were targeted in Kristallnacht, Jews left Germany for France, Britain and US until they stopped immigration. Ghettos were setup for Jews to live behind fences. Gathered people in the country took them to pits and shot them. City people sent to concentration camps then taken to showers where the Jews died by gas.

38
Q

Hitler’s Final Solution

A

1942 Nazi’s built extermination camps with huge gas chambers hat could kill 6000 Jews in a day. They would kill women, children, sick, and elderly first in fake showers.

39
Q

Allied Plan to end WWII step 1, 2 3 …

A

Launch an attack on German held France. Setup fake army at Calais. Operation Overlord was Allied troops attack 60 miles of beach on Normandy. Then attacked Germans in Saint Lo. Took Paris, then liberated France, Belgium, Luxenbourg. Allied forces attacked Germany from the west and the Soviets from the east.

40
Q

US involvement in WWII

A

US supported Britain with supplies and supported allied leaders but did not join the war until the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor then the US was fighting with the allies in Europe

41
Q

Mussolini’s Downfall & execution

A

Allied forces took control of Sicily which toppled Mussolini then the Germans took control of North Italy and put Mussolini back in control. After Germany fell, allied forces found Mussolini disguised as a German soldier. They shot him and hung his body in Milan for everyone to see.

42
Q

D-Day

A

Operation Overlord (Invasion of Normandy) which started the fall of Germany.

43
Q

Normandy

A

Largest land and sea attack in history. British, American, French and Canadian troops landed on a 60 mile stretch of beach.

44
Q

V-E Day

A

May 9, 1945 - Germany surrendered in Berlin and celebrated Victory in Europe after 6 years of war.

45
Q

Japanese Drive for Empire (Manchuria)

A

Japanese businesses invested heavily in China’s northeast province rich in iron and coal. Japanese army seized Manchuria and then setup a puppet government. This was the first challenge to the League of Nations.

46
Q

Nanjing

A

Nanjing China fell to the Japanese because the Japanese were better equipped and trained. Japanese killed 10,000 soldiers and civilians in Nanjing.

47
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

December 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked the US military base in Hawaii with airplanes. 2300 Americans were killed and 19 ships sank in 2 hours. This act got the US to declare war on Japan.

48
Q

Island Hopping

A

MacArthur’s plan to pass the islands in the Pacific that the Japanese had a strong hold so the US could seize islands that wee not well defended and closer to Japan.

49
Q

Hiroshima

A

Japanese city with a population of 350,000 that the first atomic bomb was dropped on. Over 70,000 people were killed immediately.

50
Q

Nagasaki

A

The city of 270,000 citizens that was attacked with the second atomic bomb dropped by the US. More than 70,000 people were immediately killed.

51
Q

Atomic Bomb

A

Powerful weapon based on splitting the nucleus of an uranium atom that could kill 70,000 people with one bomb. Developed by a top secret project called the Manhattan Project in New Mexico.

52
Q

The Imperfect Peace

A

France and Britain tried to keep the peace by avoiding war when Germans took Austria, Czech, Sudetenland and Poland while Italians took Albania.

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