World War 1 Short Ans Flashcards
How did Bismarck unite the German states? HOW did the new German nation upset the balance of power in Europe?
Since the Frankfurt Assembly failed to unite the German states in 1848, Bismarck supported “Realpolitik”. Bismarck used the “blood and iron policy” to unite the German states. The “blood and iron” policy involved the use of war to unite the German states. Bismarck led 3 wars: 1)1864 Prussia+Austria vs. Denmark 2)1866 Prussia vs. Austria: Austro-Prussian War 3)1870 France vs. Prussia: Franco-Prussian War. Due to all the annexed territory under the Prussian king, Kaiser Willian 1, Germany was born. After Germany was born, there was a powerful industrialized nation at the center of the continent that upset the balance of power.
How did governments utilize public schools during the late 1800s/ early 1900s?
New laws established free elementary education for girls and boys. Public tax-supported schools expanded in France which gave governments a way to install a nationalistic feeling in their people.
What common events occurred across European nations between 1870 and 1914? Why did these similarities emerge?
Between 1870 and 1914, Jews were being mistreated in both France and Germany. This similarity of mistreatment of Jews emerged because Jews were always blamed for Europe’s problems. (Jews had become the scapegoat for Europe).
What differences existed between European nations between 1870 and 1914? Why did these differences emerge?
Two nations that differed was Austria-Hungary and basically every other European nation. Austria-Hungary had a dual monarchy, which was different from any other nation. The reason this difference emerged was that Hungarians wanted more autonomy/ independence from Austria.
How did the definition of “liberalism” change during the early 20th century? Why did the definition of liberalism change?
In the 19th century, liberalism opposes government intervention in the economy, while in the early 20th-century liberalism favors an active interventionist government. Governments like Germany wanted the support of the working class, so governments set up laws such as pensions, retirement plans, and insurance that benefited the workers.
How did the decline of the Ottoman Empire increase hostility between Austria-Hungary and Serbia?
The Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary contained many Serbs. The Ottoman Empire was being destroyed by nationalism during the late 1800’s/ early 1900s (groups of people in the Ottoman Empire wanted independencence). Serbia wanted to build a nation that included all ethnic Serbs. Austria-Hungary wanted to block Serbian expansion so, in 1908, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina which enraged Serbia
What factors pushed England, France, and Russia into an alliance in the early 1900s?
A common hatred for Germany pushed England, France, and Russia into an alliance in the early 1900s. England was compelled to ally because Germany was building up its battle fleet (naval power) and it challenged England’s naval supremacy. France lost the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 and lost territories like Alsace and Lorraine to Germany. Russia joined because Germany didn’t renew its non-aggression pact with Russia.
How dod alliance systems contribute to the outbreak of World War 1?
Alliance systems were the primary cause of World War 1. Germany supported Austria-Hungary, which led to Germany declaring war on Russia for mobilizing on Austria-Hungary. Russia, which was the largest Slavic country, declared war on Austria Hungary because Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, which was a Slavic country, and Russia would want to protect/support another Slavic nation. The alliance systems also kicked in when Germany declared war on Russia, France declared war on Germany because France and Russia were allies and France had to support Russia when Germany declared war on Russia. It was the alliance systems that spurred the local conflict (Serbia vs. Austria-Hungary due to Archduke assassination) into a world war because the purpose of the alliance systems is for allied nations to support one another, even if it is just a local conflict.
How did European women contribute to the war effort during World War 1? AFTER the war ended, how did governments reward women for their efforts?
As a result of national conscription (draft), millions of men were sent to the front. Due to the draft, there was a shortage of workers so women moved into skilled industrial jobs. They also served as auxiliaries and nurses. As a reward for their efforts, governments like the US, Germany, Poland, and others granted women suffrage (the right to vote) after the war.
Describe 1 similarity between the French Revolution of 1789 and the Russian Revolution of 1917. EXPLAIN WHY this similarity emerged.
One similarity between the French Revolution of 1789 and the Russian Revolution of 1917 is the collapse of the monarchies (dynasties). During the French Revolution, the Jacobins executed Louis XVI, while during the 1917 Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks executed Czar Nicholas II. Both monarchies collapsed because the monarchies were deaf to the suffering of people and failed to resolve economic problems (inflation).
Describe 1 difference between the French Revolution of 1789 and the Russian Revolution of 1917. EXPLAIN WHY this difference emerged.
After the revolutions, France and Russia had adopted different forms of government. The emergence of communism in Russia was a difference between the French Revolution of 1789 and the Russian Revolution of 1917. Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks installed communism in Russia (1917). France at the Congress of Vienna adopted monarchy again (1815). Karl Marx wrote the “Communist Manifesto” (1848) after the French Revolution ended. Communism spread in Europe in the late 19th century, which was after France had already become a monarchy
