World war 1, League of nations and treatys Flashcards
What was the armistice?
The ceasefire that ended the fighting in the First World War.
How many countries attended the start of the Versailles Conference?
The start of the Versailles Conference was attended by 32 countries.
Who were the big three?
David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau and woodrow wilson
What was self-determination?
Woodrow Wilson’s idea that nations ought to be able to rule themselves.
Which aspect of Wilson’s ideas did Clemenceau particularly despise?
Clemenceau particularly despised the idea of the League of Nations.
Which of Clemenceau’s demands did Woodrow Wilson find particularly hard to accept?
Germany was to blame for the war.
What rescued the conference from collapse in March 1919?
Lloyd George publishing the Fontainbleau Memorandum rescued the conference from collapse in March 1919.
Why did the Germans find the treaty particularly unfair?
There was no negotiation.
What was the aim of the first clauses of the Treaty of Versailles?
The aim of the first clause of the Treaty of Versailles was to set up the League of Nations.
Which area of Germany was demilitarised (clause 4)?
Rhineland was demilitarised.
Which country was Germany forbidden to unite with?
Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria.
What did German colonies become?
German colonies became Mandates.
What was Germany’s army reduced to?
Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000 men.
The Treaty of Versailles stated that Germany had to pay reparations, with a figure being set at a later date. What was the eventual sum?
Reparations were eventually set at 132 billion gold marks.
Which clause blamed Germany for all the loss and damage of the war?
231
The aims of the League of Nations were to stop war, to make the world a better place to live and …
to encourage disarmament
How often did the assembly meet?
Once a year.
How many countries were members of the League when it was created?
The League was created with 42 member countries.
How many countries were members of the League by 1934?
By 1934, 58 countries were members of the League.
What was the problem with the secretariat?
The secretariat was too small.
How many prisoners of war did the League repatriate?
500,000
How did the League decide to successfully settle the dispute between Sweden and Finland over the Aaland Islands?
The League decided to settle the dispute between Sweden and Finland over the Aaland Islands by giving the Aalands to Finland.
Which city did the Poles invade and refuse to evacuate - ignoring the League - in 1921?
Vilna
Which country did the League send economic experts to help in 1923?
Austria
Which two countries made peace on the League’s instructions in 1925?
Greece and Bulgaria made peace, on the League’s instructions, in 1925
What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
A treaty to end war.
When did the League of Nations set up conferences to seek disarmament?
The League of Nations set up conferences to seek disarmament in 1923 and 1932.
Which two diseases did the League make substantial progress in helping to combat?
The League made substantial progress in helping to combat Malaria and leprosy.
What international convention did the League sign in 1936, which is still in force today?
The League signed the international drugs convention in 1936. It is still in force today.
During the Manchurian and Abyssinian crises, which of the four nations of the Council betrayed the League?
Italy, Japan, France and Britain
What year did Japan invade Manchuria?
1932
Where is Manchuria?
Manchuria is in the Far East.
Why did China appeal to the League of Nations?
China appealed to the League of Nations because the Japanese attacked and captured Shanghai.
How long did the Lytton Commission take to report in 1932 after it had arrived in Manchuria?
The Lytton Commission took seven months to report in 1932 after it had arrived in Manchuria.
What year did Italy invade Abyssinia?
Italy invaded Abyssinia in 1935.
Where is Abyssinia?
East Africa
What was the name of the emperor of Abyssinia who went to the League of Nations to appeal for help?
Haile Selassie was the name of the emperor of Abyssinia who went to the League of Nations to appeal for help.
What was the Hoare-Laval Pact of 1935?
A secret plan between Britain and France to give Abyssinia to Italy.
Which British prime minister believed in appeasement?
Neville Chamberlain believed in appeasement.
Who was the leader of the Sudeten Germans?
Konrad Henlein
Why did Hitler threaten to declare war on Czechoslovakia?
The Czech government declared martial law.
Where did Chamberlain go to meet Hitler, 15 September 1938?
On the 15th September 1938 Chamberlain went to meet Hitler in Berchtesgaden.
Where did Chamberlain go to meet Hitler, 22-23 September 1938?
On the 22nd-23rd September 1938 Chamberlain went to meet Hitler in Bad Godesberg.
Where did Chamberlain go to meet Hitler, 30 September 1938?
On the 30th September 1938 Chamberlain went to meet Hitler in Munich.
How much of the Sudetenland did Chamberlain agree to give Hitler at Berchtesgaden?
Chamberlain agreed to give Hitler all areas of Berchtesgaden where more than 50% of the population was German.
How much of the Sudetenland did Hitler demand at Bad Godesberg?
All the Sudetenland.
What did Chamberlain call the Czechs?
Chamberlain called the Czechs “Peoples of whom we know nothing.”
Which of the following was not a reason for Britain following a policy of appeasement?
Chamberlain was not a fascist.
After Czechoslovakia, what was Hitler’s next target?
After Czechoslovakia, Hitler’s next target was Poland.
Who was Russia’s leader in 1939?
Stalin was Russia’s leader in 1939.
Why did Britain need Russia’s help to defend Poland?
Britain needed Russia’s help to defend Poland because Britain was too far away to help.
Why did the Russians hesitate to form an alliance with Britain?
They did not trust that Britain would stand up to the Nazis.
Why did Chamberlain hesitate to form an alliance with Russia?
He did not like Communism.
When did Russia suddenly make an alliance with Germany?
Russia suddenly made an alliance with Germany on 23rd August 1939.
Why was the world stunned by the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
The world was stunned by the Nazi-Soviet Pact because Communism and Fascism were so far apart politically.
What did William Shirer call the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
A “sordid, secret deal”.
When did Hitler invade Poland?
Hitler invaded Poland on the 1st September 1939.
Where would a woman have worked as a driver during the war?
A woman would have worked as a truck driver, during the war, at WAAC.
What do the letters DORA denote?
The letters DORA denote Defence of the Realm Act.
Who was appointed Minister of Munitions to organise the state-run munitions factories?
Lloyd George
What was introduced to help war production?
British Summer Time
What was introduced to increase agricultural production?
The WLA
What linked Hartlepool, Whitby and Scarborough during the war?
Hartlepool, Whitby and Scarborough were shelled by the German navy during the war.
What happened to the position of young women as a result of the war?
As a result of the war women wore short skirts, short hair and smoked cigarettes.
