Germany and the Weimar Flashcards
What is a Republic?
A republic is a country not ruled by a king.
Where was the new republic declared?
Weimar
What guaranteed the German people freedom and equality?
A Bill of Rights guaranteed the German people freedom and equality.
At what age were men and women given the vote?
At 20, men and women given the vote.
In what way could the Weimar constitution claim to have been better than the British constitution?
Women aged 20 had the vote.
What was “proportional representation”?
“Proportional representation” was that every group in society was fairly represented in the Reichstag.
Article 48 was …
Article 48 was the right of the president to pass laws in an emergency.
Who were the November Criminals?
Government ministers who signed the armistice were the November Criminals.
What was the name of the bands of soldiers who refused to disband and formed private right-wing armies?
Freikorps was the name of the bands of soldiers who refused to disband and formed private right-wing armies.
Who led an uprising against the government in 1920 as they held them responsible for signing the Treaty of Versailles?
Wolfgang Kapp led an uprising against the government in 1920.
What name was given to the communists who rebelled in 1919?
Spartacists
Which state did communists take over for a time in 1919?
Communists took over Bavaria for a time in 1919.
Why did the Kapp Putsch succeed at first?
The army refused to attack him.
How many government politicians were assassinated by right-wing terrorist groups?
356
Why were right-wing terrorists able to do so much harm to the government?
It was because the judges supported them, that right-wing terrorists were able to do so much harm to the government.
What started the crisis of 1923?
The crisis of 1923 was started because Germany missed a reparations payment.
Which part of Germany did the French invade?
Ruhr
Why did the French invade Germany in 1923?
The French invaded Germany in 1923 to take payment in kind.
What is hyperinflation?
Hyperinflation is where prices run out of control.
What was the price of a loaf of bread in November 1923?
200,000 million marks
When did the German government call off the 1923 general strike?
The German government called off the 1923 general strike in September 1923.
What was the Nazi party first called?
The Nazi party was first called the German Workers’ Party.
What was the book in which Hitler outlined his political ideas after the failure of the Munich Putsch in 1923:
Mein Kampf
What name did Hitler use for the single leader with complete power whom he said should control the German state?
Führer was the name Hitler used for the single leader with complete power whom he said should control the German state.
What was “lebensraum”?
living space
What is the name for the theory that only the fittest races would survive?
Social Darwinismis the name for the theory that only the fittest races would survive.
What was the name for the theory that said that Germany should be self-sufficient?
Autarky was the name for the theory that said that Germany should be self-sufficient.
How many members did the Nazi party have in 1923?
In 1923 the Nazi party had 55,000 members.
Who were the two nationalist politicians who plotted a rebellion in 1923 with Hitler?
Kahr and Lossow were the two nationalist politicians who plotted a rebellion in 1923 with Hitler
When did Hitler begin the Munich Putsch?
Hitler began the Munich Putsch on the 8th November 1923.
What alternative name for the Munich Putsch reveals where Hitler began the rebellion?
Beer-Hall Putsch
How many Nazis were killed in the Munich Putsch?
16
Who was Germany’s leading politician after 1923?
Gustav Stresemann was Germany’s leading politician after 1923.
What was the name of the moderate, pro-democracy group of Reichstag deputies he organised?
The Great Coalition
What was his greatest achievement in foreign politics?
Germany being admitted to the League of Nations in 1926 was his greatest achievement in foreign politics.
Who was Charles Dawes?
Charles Dawes was the US budget director.
How did Dawes end the hyperinflation in 1923?
By burning Germany’s money.
The Dawes Plan of 1924 gave Germany longer to pay its reparations, reformed the Reichsbank and…
The Dawes Plan of 1924 gave Germany longer to pay its reparations, reformed the Reichsbank and gave Germany 800 million marks in loans.
With what architectural movement is Walter Gropius associated?
Bauhaus
What was the greatest weakness of the Weimar Republic in the years 1923-1929?
The greatest weakness of the Weimar Republic in the years 1923-1929 was that it was totally dependent on American money.
What caused the world economic depression of the 1930s?
The Wall Street Crash caused the world economic depression of the 1930s.
How many people were unemployed in Germany in 1932?
6 million
Which chancellor cut government expenditure, wages and unemployment pay in July 1930?
Brüning cut government expenditure, wages and unemployment pay in July 1930.
Who financed Hitler during the depression because they were frightened of communism?
businessmen
Who decided that they needed “strong” government because they were alarmed by the chaos and lawlessness during the depression?
The middle classes decided that they needed “strong” government because they were alarmed by the chaos and lawlessness during the depression.
How many members of the SA were there by 1932?
There were 400,000 members of the SA by 1932.
Nazi representation in the Reichstag 1928 to July 1932 grew…
from 12 to 230 seats.
During this period, Hindenburg was forced constantly to use Article 48 to..
During this period, Hindenburg was forced constantly to use Article 48 to make almost every law.
Which chancellor offered to be Hitler’s vice-chancellor if Hitler would join the government because he thought he would be able to control him?
Papen
Who burned down the Reichstag in February 1933, according to the Nazis?
According to the Nazis, van der Lubbe burned down the Reichstag in February 1933.
What percentage of the German people voted for Hitler in the March 1933 election?
44 per cent
What was the law that gave Hitler the right to make his own laws called?
The Enabling Act was the law that gave Hitler the right to make his own laws.
The Nazis reorganised German local government into 42…
gaus
What did a Blockleiter run?
A block of flats.
When were the trade unions given a holiday, then abolished?
The trade unions were given a holiday, and then abolished on the 2nd May 1933.
What did Hitler set up in place of the trade unions?
The German Labour Front
Hitler made an agreement with the Pope that he would leave the Catholic Church alone if the priests stayed out of German politics. What was the agreement called?
Hitler made an agreement with the Pope that he would leave the Catholic Church alone if the priests stayed out of German politics. It was called The Concordat.
What did the Law against the Formation of New Parties (14 July 1933) state?
The Law against the Formation of New Parties (14 July 1933) stated that only the Nazi party was allowed to exist.
What happened on the Night of the Long Knives?
On the Night of the Long Knives Hitler assassinated his opponents in the SA.
What was the name given to the process of imposing Nazi values on every area of German life?
Nazification
Who controlled Nazi propaganda?
Goebbels controlled Nazi propaganda.
What did Dr Robert Ley, head of the DAF, boast?
Dr Robert Ley, head of the DAF, boasted that he controlled his workers lives “from the cradle to the grave”.
What was “the mission of women”, according to Goebbels?
To be beautiful and to bring children into the world.
What do the letters BDM stand for?
BDM stands for League of German Maidens.
Why did the BDM keep themselves healthy?
The BDM kept themselves healthy to have babies.
How did the Law for the Encouragement of Marriage encourage marriage?
The Law for the Encouragement of Marriage encouraged marriage with a loan of 1,000 marks.
How many marks were given for each baby?
250
Who was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Munster who led a campaign against the euthanasia of mentally-disabled people?
Von Galen was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Munster who led a campaign against the euthanasia of mentally-disabled people.
Who regarded Hitler “with burning concern”?
the Pope
Who masterminded opposition propaganda from Munich University?
The White Rose masterminded opposition propaganda from Munich University.
What was the Reichsbanner?
The paramilitary wing of the SDP was the Reichsbanner.
How did the Reichsbanner help the British during the Second World War?
They acted as spies.
Who killed a Gestapo chief?
The Pirates
What opposition group did Martin Niemöller form?
Martin Niemöller formed The Confessional Church.
What comes from a Kreisau Circle?
A bomb plot comes from a Kreisau Circle.
Which Protestant pastor took part in the 1944 bomb plot?
Bonhöffer
How did the ‘Swing’ groups oppose the Nazis?
‘Swing’ groups opposed the Nazis by drinking alcohol and listening to jazz.
What did the Nazis mean by untermensch?
By untermensch the Nazis meant sub-human.
What percentage of Germany’s gypsies did the Nazis kill?
The Nazis killed 85 per cent of German gypsies.
How did the Nazis try to deal with deaf people?
sterilised them
How did the Nazis try to deal with mentally-disabled people?
The Nazis tried to deal with mentally-disabled people through euthanasia.
What new lessons did German schools have to teach after 1933?
race science
Where might a sign saying “Juden sind hier unerwünscht” be seen?
A sign saying “Juden sind hier unerwünscht” would be seen in a swimming pool.
What date were the Nuremberg Laws, which cancelled German citizenship for Jews, passed?
The Nuremberg Laws, which cancelled German citizenship for Jews, were passed on the 15th September 1935.
What names did Jews have to add to their own names after 1938?
Israel and Sarah
When did the streets sparkle?
The streets sparkled on Kristallnacht.
What started mass-shooting of Jews in 1941?
Einsatzgruppen
What was the “beauty of work”?
SdA
What was the Nazi re-armament slogan?
“Guns before butter” was the Nazi re-armament slogan.
What was “autarky”?
“Autarky” was an attempt to be self-sufficient.
What does KdF mean?
KdF means “Strength through joy”.
Where might you see a successful German worker with his people carrier?
You might see a successful German worker with his people carrier on the autobahn.
What did Nazi rallies give Germans?
colour and fun
Who was made Economics Minister in 1937?
Göring was made Economics Minister in 1937.
For what did Germans trade their civil liberties?
“Work and Bread”
How did German scientists hope to produce oil?
German scientists hoped to produce oil from coal.
