world war 1 Flashcards
what event sparked World War I
the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand
who assassinated archduke Franz Ferdinand
serbian terrorist
what terrorist group was Gavrilo Princip a part of?
black hand
killed arch duke and his wife
nations in the allied powers
France, United Kingdom, and Russia
nations in the central powers
Austria-Hungary, and Germany
u-boat
new deadly weapon hope they would stop suppliers from reaching allies, German submarine
neutrality
not being supporting or helping other side in a conflict, “neutral”
militarism
policy of building up military power
alliance
one country goes to war so does their alliances
how did the British blockade impact the US?
start of the U-boat
how much did US trade with allies increase between 1914 and 1916
800 million to 3 billion
lustinia disaster
- killed 128 Americans
- german U-boat sunk lustinia
sussex pledge
- sinking merchant ships without warning
- now have to warn before attacking
who let the preparedness movement?
Theodore Roosevelt
what was President Wilson’s initial position on US involvement in the war
propaganda - get ready for war
- “uncle sam”, advertising
zimmerman note
- calling for cooperation between Mexico and Germany to retake US territory
selective service act
- first national draft since Civil War
- expanded army from 130,000 to 500,000 troops
- males from 21 to 30 had to sign up for the army
nickname given to american troops from france
the doughboys
who led the American expeditionary force?
general john j pershing
369th regiment (hell fighters)
they had an aggressive fighting style
new weapons used during world war 1
machine guns, flame throwers
trench warfare
new form of combat
effects of mustard gas on soldiers
painful blisters, blindness, lung damage, very hard to survive
what role did airplanes play in World War I?
used as a weapon
meuse-argonne offensive
- led to the last major battle of World War I
- hope ella’s captured the real world serving Germans main supply line
how many American casualties resulted from World War I
116,000
committee of public information
- created by president wilson
- major propaganda
- patriotic posters, four minute men
how did woman contribute to the war effort at home?
- Red Cross victory, gardens, food, conservation, knitting supplies for soldiers, conserving materials
espionage act
- made interference with military recruitment illegal
- penalties for spying, sabotage, gave postmaster power to censor mail
liberty bonds
governments certificate, promising repayment with interest
how did the great migration impact African-Americans and northern cities?
- movement of African-Americans moved from south to north
- got paid better no Jim Crow laws northern factory jobs
- urban population growth, new opportunities, racial tension in north
sedition act
- expanded restrictions on free speech
- made it illegal to criticize the government speak against the war or express disloyal views
- led to hundreds of arrests
article 10 of the treaty of Versailles
- required league members to protect other members provide military support
- could force US to go to war
who were the big four leaders of the Paris peace conference?
woodrow wilson (us), george’s clemenceau (france), david lloyd george (uk), vittorio orlando (italy)
war guilt clause
- Germany has to accept blame for the war
- had to pay at 33 billion to allies
- military restrictions : army limited to 100,000 men
- loss of territories : France, Poland, Denmark, Belgium
why did President Wilson to the country to promote the treaty of Versailles
gain popularity
