civil war and reconstruction Flashcards
what 5 states had slaves, but didn’t secede?
maryland, missouri, delaware, kentucky, west virginia
describe the significance of each border state in the union (maryland, missouri, delaware, and kentucky)
- close to dc
- control of the mississippi river
- union support
- strategic location
what were the advantages of the union?
- larger population
- more industrial resources
- strong navy
What were the advantages of the confederacy?
- strong military leaders
- passion for fighting
- familiarity with terrain
What was the anaconda plan?
- blockade of southern parts
- control of the mississippi river
- cut off their resources
- divide territory
- “suffocate the south”
battle of antietam
- bloodiest single day battle
- nobody won
- shifts lincoln’s focus on emancipation
importance of the emancipation proclamation
- declared slaves in confederate territory to be free
- transformed war
- from preserving the union to fighting against slavery
what was the significance of the famous ironclad battle between the unions USS monitor and the confederacies CSS virginia at the battle of hampton roads?
- Mark of the turning point in naval warfare
- showcased effectiveness of ironclad ships
- strategic victory, union mainland blockage
battle of fredericksburg
confederate victory, 1862
siege of vicksburg
union gained control of the mississippi river, 1863
battle of gettysburg
- turning point, union victory, led to lincoln’s gettysburg address, 1863
total war
- seek and destroy everything
- make war as bad as possible to make it stop sooner
sherman’s march to sea
- focused on destroying infrastructure
- weakened confederate civilian morale
appomattox courthouse
general lee surrendered to general grant
total death toll of the war
620,000 - 750,000
habeas corpus
- you can’t just put people in prison for no reason
- legal protection against detention
significance of the formation of west virginia
- western countries broke from virginia to stay in the union
draft riots
- violent protests in nyc, 1863
- working class
- wealthy could pay ports to fight in the war for them
copperheads
- northern democrats against the war
why did the south put an embargo on cotton efforts?
- attempt to gain European support with cotton
- backfired
what were the bread riots andwhere did they occur?
- protest against food shortages in the south
- resources were cut off
- richmond, virginia
how did new weapons impact warfare?
- rifled musket, minie ball
- increased accuracy and casualty rates
challenges of medical care on the battlefield
- limited supplies and training
- High mortality from infections and injuries
how did soldiers keep busy between battles?
- writing letters, games, reading, drills
what was the reaction to the emancipation proclamation of what happened in texas?
- mixed reactions, delayed effect in some areas
Who was the 54th Massachusetts regiment and what was their significance?
- one of the first african-american units
- proved valor at fort wagner
what were some of the ways african-americans phase discrimination during the civil war?
- lower pay, harsher conditions
- racial prejudice within military
how did women contribute as soldiers in spice?
- disguised themselves as men to fight
- gathered intelligence for both sides
the role woman had a medical care
- serve as nurses and hospitals and battlefields
how did women contribute at home?
- Took on traditionally, male job
- organized support for soldiers
- managed farms
key points of Johnson’s reconstruction plan
- New state constitution
- Elected a new state government
- repelled its act of succession
- Canceled war debt
- ratified 13th amendment
- slaves begin experiencing freedom in education and farming
what did the 13th amendment do?
abolished slavery through the entire nation
freedman’s bureau
- to assist, formerly enslaved people and poor whites living in the south
- provided food, clothing, and medical care
congressman thaddeus steven’s plan for newly freed african americans
forty acres and a mule
black codes
- laws intended to restrict the freedom and limit the advancement of African-Americans
what was the goal of the radical Republicans?
reconstruct the nation
what did the civil rights act guarantee African-Americans?
- declared that African-Americans were entitled equal
why did President Johnson justify his veto of the civil rights act?
- vetoed because it was too costly and lead people to a life of laziness
what did the 14th amendment do?
further protected the rights of freed people
why did President Johnson face impeachment?
for violating the tenure of office act
scalawags
southern Democrats who viewed Republicans as traders to the south
carpetbaggers
worthless fortune hunters
every state in the south voted Republican for general Ulysses S grant except which two?
Louisiana and Georgia
what did the 15th amendment do?
The right to vote
why did white people stay away from the south first public tax supported school system?
so they didn’t have to mix with Black people
tenant farming
planters divided land into small plots that they rented to workers who would grow crops
sharecropping
- hope they would earn enough money
- experienced debt
debt peonage
work for the person you owe money to, to pay off debt
what was the terrorist groups that formed in the south opposing equality both social and political?
- terrorist, blacks, and white Republicans from voting
- targeted blacks, white Republicans and Friedman’s bureau
how did the northerners feel about reconstruction change?
- didn’t want to fight about it anymore
- tired of dealing with it
what happened during the election of 1876?
- President Grant didn’t run for election
- Election went to House of Representatives
- Cheating votes
- hayes wins and promises three things
redeemers
- redeem or save the south by returning it to White man’s rule
- Cut school spending, reversed, education laws, put in Jim Crow laws, keeping black-and-whites separate
plessy vs ferguson
segregation was constitutional under the doctrine of separate but equal
