gilded age and progressivism Flashcards
what was the major social shift in America during the late 1800?
agriculture nation turned into a complex industrial society
name two key inventions from the late 1800s and their inventors
edison - light bulb
samuel mourse - telegraph
fredrick w taylor
- he trained workers to work faster by reducing wasted motion
- increased profits
horizontal
joining together as many firms from the same industry as possible
vertical
taking control of each step in the production and distribution of a product
john d rockefeller
method - buy or bankrupt competitors
- oil industry
andrew carnegie
method - thought of a cheaper way to make steel
- steel industry
sherman antitrust act of 1890
outlawed, trust, monopolies and other forms of business that restricted trade
uprising of 20,000
thousands of young women walked out of their garment factory jobs in New York
typical working conditions
Long hours, low wages, no safety rules
hazards in factories
slippery floors, open blades, molten steel (hot)
why were children employed and factors in mines during this period?
to get more money
- they earned less than adults so it’s easy for them to get hired
common living conditions
crowded area, rundown apartments, disease
main goal of of early labor unions
higher wages, shorter hours, improved working conditions
how did the public view labor unions
largely unsuccessful
fair labor standards act
marked the end of child labor in the US
what did the Statue of Liberty symbolize for immigrants surviving into the US?
A sign of Vulcan, promising opportunity and freedom
two men push factors that caused Europeans to leave their homelands
population growth, hunger and famine, religious persecution, political instability
pull factors that attracted immigrants to the US
economic opportunities, freedom and democracy, stories of success from friends and relatives
conditions of steerage passengers on their journey across the atlantic
arrived with little money and few possessions, faced discrimination and prejudice, ethnic neighborhoods
six second exam
to detect those who should be held for a more through medical exam
what type of support did immigrant aid societies provide to new arrivals?
tenements (housing/small apartments)
chinese exclusion act of 1882
10 year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the US
1st wave of immigrants
northern and western europe (1820-1870)
2nd wave of immigrants
southern and eastern europe, all parts of the world (1880-1920)
irish potato famine
potato rot destroyed main food source, million died of starvation, caused Irish to immigrate to US
naturalization act of 1802
legal process to become a US citizen
what two major transformations were occurring in America
rise of muckraking journalism and urban challenges
muckrakers
fearless journalist who works to expose the social and economic problems hidden behind America’s rapid growth
how did the US population shift in terms of geography by 1900
Siri said opportunities attracted people with promises of jobs, entertainment, and modern amenities like running water and electricity
census bureau
The American frontier closed, much land in the west had been settled on
two major challenges with urban infrastructure that affected city life
overcrowding and poor sanitation
jacob riis, and his book “how the other half lives”
he was a famous muckraker. His book showed the harsh realities of tenant life in New York City
what were the main Society issues that the progressive era aimed to address
racism, economic conditions, and immigration
progressives
determined to solve the increasing problems, they observed in society
social darwinism
- progressives rejected it
- if your rich your rich, if your poor your poor
what were some of the shared goals of the progressive era President Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard, Taft, and Woodrow Wilson
they challenged the economic and political power of the industrial giants
Theodore Roosevelt Square deal
regulating big business to protect workers and consumers
how did William Howard Taft approach to reform differ from Roosevelts?
he had a low tariff platform
why did Theodore Roosevelt run for president again in 1912?
- because Taft betrayed his progressive ideals
- taft beat him again
Woodrow Wilson‘s new freedom program
to eliminate all trusts
how did Roosevelt Taft and Wilson approach the issue of trustbusting
they made a lot to make it illegal
meat inspection act and the pure food and drug act of 1906
keep packaging sanitary, and good food
how did the progressive era presidents contribute to conservation environmental protection?
Challenge the economic and political power of the industrial giants and work send government corruption
