WORLD RELIGIONS FLASHCARDS
They (singular) is regarded as the supreme being in hinduism
Brahman
They (singular) is regarded by Hindus as a unifying existance and ultimate divine reality
Brahman
Hindus practice this as a respect for all life forms
Ahimsa
The soul referred as ——— is also seen as a representaton of brahman
Atman
This also means “eternal self”
Atman
This is the hindu god of creation
Brahman
Who is the consort of brahman?
Sarasvati
Sarasvati is the goddess of ?
Knowledge
This is the Hindu God of destruction
Shiva
This god’s destructive power is seen not just as a transition to death but ?
Shiva - ultimate rebirth or a new form of life
This is the consort of shiva, who is the goddess of?
Parvati—benevolent goddess
This is the hindu god credited with the power to sustain or preserve the universe.
Vishnu
Who is the consert of vishnu and she is the goddess of?
Lakshmi—goddess of wealth and prosperity
(Hinduism)
Refers to the religious and moral laws governing all people’s actions and lives.
Dharma
(Hinduism) this is an incarnation of a hindu deity on earth in various forms, including animals and human beings.
Avatar
(Hinduism) this is the law ofcause and effect. Every action has a corresponding consequence.
Karma
(HINDUISM)
This is a hindu phenomenon of the atman’s immortality. After death, the soul will repeatedly undergo birth and rebirth taking a new form of body until it finally attains liberation.
Samsara
(Hinduism) can be regarded as the end of the cycle of birth and rebirth.
Moksha
(Hinduism)
It is the stage of life where one has attained ultimate liberation of the soul.
Moksha
The central act of hindu worship?
Puja
It is a ritual where the devotee connects and communicates with a hindu deity. The ritual involves meditation and the offering of food and flowers to Brahma and other Hindu deities, and may be performed at home or in a temple.
(HINDUISM)
Puja
Ancient scriptures of hinduism
Shruti and Smiriti
What does Shruti mean?
“That which is heard and revealed”
What does smriti mean?
“That which is remembered”
The greeks associated the name hindu with people living beyond the ?
Sindhu or Indus river
Hinduism origanally called?
Sanata Dharma
Sanata Dharma means ?
Eternal Way of Life or Law
Sanatana means?
eternal
Dharma means?
moral duty
this is classified as the shruti texts in Hinduism and are regarded as the foundation of the religion.
Vedas
Vedas originated from what word?
Vedic
Vedism originated
What is the four vedas?
RYSA
Rig Veda
Yajur Veda
Sana Veda
Atharva Veda
knowledge of the verses
what veda?
Rig veda
knowledge of song
what veda?
Sama Veda
knowledge of the fire priest
what veda?
Atharva Veda
this is the oldest veda and considered one of the most important.
Rig veda
rig veda consist of how many hymns?
1028
this contains the instructions on how to conduct Hindu rituals. These rituals often involve performing sacrifices, and Hindu priest use the Yajur Veda in leading these ceremonies.
Yajur Veda
this veda contains verses which are mostly froom the rig veda. the ——— teaches the manner in which chants must be performed in sacrificial rites.
what veda is stated?
Sama Veda
It is considered different from the other three vedas as its material does not necessarily pertain to the praise of gods or sacrificial rituals. Instead ——— contains spells and incantations for healing different illnesses and casting away evil spirits.
Atharva Veda
all of the vedas teach one purpose and that is?
teach that the purpose of human life is to realize and know the absolute truth, and not just to live in a superficial manner.
Yoga originated from the sanskrit word?
Yuj
Yuj means?
To connect or unify
It is a Hindu practice that includes techniques like breath control, meditation, and specific body postures, commonly used for both what?
health and relaxation purposes.
The word yuj signifies?
Unity and to connect
Yoga primarily serves as a spiritual practice deeply rooted in a delicate science, with its main goal being the establishment of what?
harmony between the mind and the body.
Karma yoga is the ———, or simply, the ?.
path of action— yoga of action.
This is the 700-verse Hindu scripture that offers several approaches to liberation from suffering, self-realization, and connection with the Divine
What is stated?
Bhagavad Gita,
This yoga diminishes the ego and purifies the mind. It counters the Mala (impurity), which is a tendency to be motivated to act in the interest of self- gain.
Karma Yoga
It is considered to be the most virtuous approach to service as it employs selfless service and is an act of service toward others without the expectation of anything in return.
What yoga?
Karma yoga
———is suggested for those who are of a busy, outgoing, or community-based nature.
Karma yoga
———-is the yoga of devotion
It involves the awareness of the sacred or divine in everything and an act of selfless devotion.
Bhakti yoga
According to this path, a lack of faith in the Divine or Sacred Essence has caused us to lose connection to our Divine Self. The solution, therefore, is love, surrender, and devotion to the Divine qualities in everything.
What is this yoga?
Bhakti yoga
This Yoga asks us how to cleanse and change our egotistic self-love by focusing the mind on sacred thoughts and transferring all our love and emotions into the Divine essence that permeates all.
Bhakti yoga
This is the easiest of the paths.
What type of yoga?
Bhakti yoga
Examples of Bhakti Yoga are?
chanting, puja, and devotional rituals.
Path of Knowledge or Wisdom”
What yoga?
Iñana Yoga
The caste system
B K V S D
brahmins
Kshatriyas
Vaishyas
Shudras
Dalits
caste system, the highest class in the caste system
- Members: spiritual leaders, priests, scholars, and teachers of Hinduism
brahmins
caste system, ranked after the Brahmins and are made up of society’s warriors and rulers. Its duty is to
protect and govern the people
kshatriyas
caste system, composed of traders and merchants, and the economy of the ancient Hindu society
depended on them.
vaishyas
caste system,lowest class in the caste system
- Composed of laborers, peasants, and servants
shudras
caste system, those who failed to pursue their dharma in their past life
dalits
what is ahimsa?
non violence and respect for all life forms
what is kama?
virtuous pursuit of pleasure and affection
Hinduism belief
BA
three major gods
important concepts
brahman and atman
Three Major Gods
1. Brahma (consort: Sarasvati, goddess of knowledge) – god of creation
2. Shiva (consort: Parvati, a benevolent goddess) – god of destruction
3. Vishnu (consort: Lakshmi, goddess of wealth and prosperity) – god of preservation
Important Concepts
1. Dharma – religious and moral laws governing all people’s actions and lives
2. Avatar – an incarnation of a Hindu deity on earth in various forms
3. Karma – the law of cause and effect
4. Samsara or Reincarnation – Hindu phenomenon of the atman’s immortality. After death, the soul
will repeatedly undergo birth and rebirth until it finally attains liberation
5. Moksha – the end cycle of birth and rebirth
organization of hinduism
the caste system
hinduism emotions and values
Ahimsa – non-violence and respect for all life forms
• Kama – refers to the virtuous pursuit of pleasure and affection
DAPHNIE‘S VERSION
• Artha – virtuous pursuit of career, wealth, and economic prosperity
• Dharma – entails piety, virtue, and righteous living
• Moksha – the most important goal in Hinduism. This is the spiritual illumination and the liberation
from the cycle of birth and rebirth, known as samsara
The Four Major Pathways in Hinduism
1. Karma Yoga – path of action
2. Bhakti Yoga – vocally expressing one’s love and devotion to the gods
3. Jñana Yoga – path of knowledge or wisdom
4. Raja Yoga – the most effective path for achieving the highest state of yoga
rituals and ceremonies of hinduism
Puja – the central act of Hindu worship
- A ritual where the devotee connects and communicates with a Hindu deity
- Involves meditation and offering of food and flowers to Brahma and the other Hindu deities
- Believed that performing this enable them to gain strength from the deities
• Homa – dedicated offering requiring the presence of fire with the purpose to divert negative energies and arouse positive energies
• Vrata – a total devotion of one’s soul and mind to god. It means “vow”, “resolve”, and “commitment” in Sanskrit
MAJOR TYPES OF HINDU RITUALS
• Jatakarma – the birth ceremony
• Upanayana – the initiation (symbolizes rebirth)
• Vivaha – the marriage
• Antyeshti – the cremation
HOLY DAYS IN HINDUISM
- Diwali (an appealing to Lakshmi)
- Navaratri (summary of an entire spiritual journey) (Means “nine nights”)
sacred objects and spaces
Shruti (“that which is heard or revealed”)
• Smriti (“that which is remembered”)
• Vedas (Sanskrit meaning: “knowledge”) – are classified as the shruti texts in Hinduism and are
regarded as the foundation of the religion
• The Four Vedas
1. Rig Veda (Knowledge of the Verses)
2. Yajur Veda (Knowledge of the Sacrifice)
3. Sama Veda (Knowledge of Song)
4. Atharva Veda (Knowledge of the Fire Priest)
• The Divisions of the Vedas
- Samhita (“collections”)
- Brahmas (“expositions”)
- Aranyakas (“forest treatises”)
- Upanishads (“philosophical knowledge”)
• Smriti
- Puranas – book of myths and legends about the Hindu deities and the creation and
destruction of the universe
- Ramayana – an Indian epic which teachers values of duty and morality
buddhism belief
N S
the T J
• Nirvana – reaching enlightenment
• Samsara – putting an end to suffering THE THREE JEWELS
1. The Buddha – the perfection gained from enlightenment
2. Dharma – teachings of the Buddha
3. Sangha – monastic community that guides believers toward achieving enlightenment and prefection
organization, buddhism
Sangha – meaning “community” in Sanskrit
- Refers to the community of all Buddhists in general, but is used specifically for the monastic
community composed of monks (bhikkus) and nuns (bhikkunis).
emotions and values, buddhism
FNT
NEP
FP
FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
1. The truth of Dukkha (anxiety, dissatisfaction, and suffering)
2. The truth of Samudaya (the source of suffering)
3. The truth of Nirodha (the end of suffering)
4. The truth of Magga (the path leading to the end of suffering)
• Desire is the primary origins of suffering, and is related to ignorance
• The spiritual freedom from suffering can be obtained through the attainment of nirvana
THE NOBLE EIGHTFOLD PATH
1. Right Understanding
2. Right thought
3. Right concentration
4. Right mindfulness
5. Right speech
6. Right action
7. Right livelihood
8. Right effort
FIVE PRECEPTS
1. Refrain from killing
2. Refrain from stealing
3. Refrain from engaging in sexual misconduct
4. Refrain from lying and false speech
5. Refrain from buying and selling alcoholic substances
rituals and ceremonies
buddhism
CELEBRATED BY THE THERAVADA BUDDHISTS:
1. Magha Puja Day – remembers the sermon that Buddha gave to 1, 250 monks
2. Esala Perahera – commemoration of the relic f the sacred tooth of the Buddha
3. Kathina festival – commemorates an event in the Buddha’s life that showed his relationship with his
followers
DAPHNIE‘S VERSION
CELEBRATED BY THE MAHAYANA BUDDHISTS
1. Parinirvana Day – gives much focus on the concept of enlightenment
2. Hana Matsuri – not only celebrate the birth of Buddha, but also reminds Mahayana Buddhists of the
concept of transience
3. Obon – a time for Mahayana Buddhists to remember their deceased loved ones
sacred objects and spaces
• The Buddha is often represented by symbols such as his footprints and the wheel with eight spokes, the Dharmachakra
• The footprints of the Buddha are considered to be the closest representation of him
• The Dharmachakra or the “Dharma Wheel” is regarded by Buddhists as a symbol for numerous beliefs and elements of Buddhism. It also symbolizes the samsara/endless rebirth of man. It has
three parts; the hub, the rim, and the spokes. These symbolizes the values taught in Buddhism;
discipline, concentration, and wisdom
SACRED TEXTS
FOR THERAVADA BUDDHISM
- Tipitaka or Pali Canon
FOR MAHAYANA BUDDHISM
- Sutras – the sacred texts of Mahayana Buddhism
- Lotus Sutra – Buddha gives instruction to the bodhisattvas on how to achieve enlightenment
- Heart Sutra – discusses the concepts of enlightenment and nothingness
- Land of Bliss Sutra
- Filial Piety Sutra – integrates the Confucianist belief in the importance of filial piety, or loving
one’s parents
emotions and values, hinduism, virtuous pursuit of career, wealth, and economic prosperity
artha
hinduism, emotions and values, entails piety, virtue, and righteous living
dharma
emotions and values, hinduism, the most important goal in Hinduism. This is the spiritual illumination and the liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth, known as samsara
moksha
four major pathways in hinduism
KBJR
karma
bhakti
jjñana
raja
rituals and ceremonies of hinduism, the central act of hindu worship
puja
rituals and ceremonies from hinduism, dedicated offering requiring the presence of fire with the purpose to divert negative energies and arouse positive energies
homa
rituals and ceremonies from hinduism, a total devotion of one’s soul and mind to god. It means “vow”, “resolve”, and “commitment” in Sanskrit
vrata
major types of hindu rituals
J U V A
jatakarma
upanayana
vivaha
antyeshti
Major type of hindu ritual, the birth ceremony
jatakarma
ajor type of hinddu ritual, the initiation
upanayama
major type of hindu ritual, the marriage
vivaha
major type of hindu ritual , the cremation
antyeshti
holy days in hinduism
D N
Diwali and Navaratri - nine nights
sacred objects and spaces in hinduism, that whih heard or revealed
shruti
sacred objects and spaces, that which is remembered, hinduism
smitri
sacred objects and spaces, Sanskrit meaning: “knowledge”) – are classified as the shruti texts in Hinduism and are
regarded as the foundation of the religion, hinduism
vedas
the four vedas
RYSA
- Rig Veda (Knowledge of the Verses)
- Yajur Veda (Knowledge of the Sacrifice)
- Sama Veda (Knowledge of Song)
- Atharva Veda (Knowledge of the Fire Priest)
the four vedas
RYSA
- Rig Veda (Knowledge of the Verses)
- Yajur Veda (Knowledge of the Sacrifice)
- Sama Veda (Knowledge of Song)
- Atharva Veda (Knowledge of the Fire Priest)
veda that is the knowledge of verses
rig veda
veda that is knowledge of sacrifice
Yajur veda
veda- knowledge of song
sama veda
veda that s knowledge of. the fire priest
Atharva veda
• The Divisions of the Vedas
SBAU
Samhita (“collections”)
- Brahmas (“expositions”)
- Aranyakas (“forest treatises”)
- Upanishads (“philosophical knowledge”)
An indian epic which teachers values of duty and morality
Ramaya
book of myths and legends about the Hindu deities and the creation and
destruction of the universe
puranas
history of war and peace in India
hinduism
mahabrata
the hindu temple
mandir
belief in buddhism, reaching enlightment
nirvana
belief in buddhism, putting an end to suffering
Samsara
the three jewels in buddhism
TDS
- The Buddha – the perfection gained from enlightenment
- Dharma – teachings of the Buddha
- Sangha – monastic community that guides believers toward achieving enlightenment and prefection
what kind of three jewel in buddhism, the perfection gained from enlightment
the buddha
the three jewel in buddhism, teachings of the buddha
dharma
one of the three jewels of buddhim, monastic cimmunity that guides believers toward acheiving enlightment and perfection
sangha
this mens community in sankrit?
sangha
four noble truths in buddhism
D S N M
- The truth of Dukkha (anxiety, dissatisfaction, and suffering)
- The truth of Samudaya (the source of suffering)
- The truth of Nirodha (the end of suffering)
- The truth of Magga (the path leading to the end of suffering)
one of the four noble truths, anxiety dissatisfaction and suffering
dukkha
four noble truths in buddhism, the source of suffering
samudaya
four noble truths of buddhism, the end of suffering
nirodha
four noble truth of budddhism, the path leading to the end of suffering
magga
Nole eightfold path
UTCMSALE
- Right Understanding
- Right thought
- Right concentration
- Right mindfulness
- Right speech
- Right action
- Right livelihood
- Right effort
FIVE PRECEPT OF BUDDHISM
- Refrain from killing
- Refrain from stealing
- Refrain from engaging in sexual misconduct
- Refrain from lying and false speech
- Refrain from buying and selling alcoholic substances
CELEBRATED BY THE THERAVADA BUDDHISTS
M E K
Magha Puja Day – remembers the sermon that Buddha gave to 1, 250 monks
2. Esala Perahera – commemoration of the relic f the sacred tooth of the Buddha
3. Kathina festival – commemorates an event in the Buddha’s life that showed his relationship with his
followers
CELEBRATED BY THE MAYANA BUDDHIST
- Parinirvana Day – gives much focus on the concept of enlightenment
- Hana Matsuri – not only celebrate the birth of Buddha, but also reminds Mahayana Buddhists of the
concept of transience - Obon – a time for Mahayana Buddhists to remember their deceased loved ones
SACRED TEXT OF BUDDHISM
TIPITAKA
FOR MAHAYANA BUDDHISM, SACRED TEXT
Sutras – the sacred texts of Mahayana Buddhism
- Lotus Sutra – Buddha gives instruction to the bodhisattvas on how to achieve enlightenment
- Heart Sutra – discusses the concepts of enlightenment and nothingness
- Land of Bliss Sutra
- Filial Piety Sutra – integrates the Confucianist belief in the importance of filial piety, or loving
one’s parents
