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Grade 12- Second Quarter Exams > WORLD RELIGIONS FLASHCARDS > Flashcards

WORLD RELIGIONS FLASHCARDS

1
Q

They (singular) is regarded as the supreme being in hinduism

A

Brahman

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2
Q

They (singular) is regarded by Hindus as a unifying existance and ultimate divine reality

A

Brahman

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3
Q

Hindus practice this as a respect for all life forms

A

Ahimsa

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4
Q

The soul referred as ——— is also seen as a representaton of brahman

A

Atman

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5
Q

This also means “eternal self”

A

Atman

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6
Q

This is the hindu god of creation

A

Brahman

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7
Q

Who is the consort of brahman?

A

Sarasvati

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8
Q

Sarasvati is the goddess of ?

A

Knowledge

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9
Q

This is the Hindu God of destruction

A

Shiva

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10
Q

This god’s destructive power is seen not just as a transition to death but ?

A

Shiva - ultimate rebirth or a new form of life

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11
Q

This is the consort of shiva, who is the goddess of?

A

Parvati—benevolent goddess

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12
Q

This is the hindu god credited with the power to sustain or preserve the universe.

A

Vishnu

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13
Q

Who is the consert of vishnu and she is the goddess of?

A

Lakshmi—goddess of wealth and prosperity

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14
Q

(Hinduism)
Refers to the religious and moral laws governing all people’s actions and lives.

A

Dharma

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15
Q

(Hinduism) this is an incarnation of a hindu deity on earth in various forms, including animals and human beings.

A

Avatar

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16
Q

(Hinduism) this is the law ofcause and effect. Every action has a corresponding consequence.

A

Karma

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17
Q

(HINDUISM)
This is a hindu phenomenon of the atman’s immortality. After death, the soul will repeatedly undergo birth and rebirth taking a new form of body until it finally attains liberation.

A

Samsara

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18
Q

(Hinduism) can be regarded as the end of the cycle of birth and rebirth.

A

Moksha

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19
Q

(Hinduism)
It is the stage of life where one has attained ultimate liberation of the soul.

A

Moksha

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20
Q

The central act of hindu worship?

A

Puja

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21
Q

It is a ritual where the devotee connects and communicates with a hindu deity. The ritual involves meditation and the offering of food and flowers to Brahma and other Hindu deities, and may be performed at home or in a temple.
(HINDUISM)

A

Puja

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22
Q

Ancient scriptures of hinduism

A

Shruti and Smiriti

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23
Q

What does Shruti mean?

A

“That which is heard and revealed”

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24
Q

What does smriti mean?

A

“That which is remembered”

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25
Q

The greeks associated the name hindu with people living beyond the ?

A

Sindhu or Indus river

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26
Q

Hinduism origanally called?

A

Sanata Dharma

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27
Q

Sanata Dharma means ?

A

Eternal Way of Life or Law

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28
Q

Sanatana means?

A

eternal

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29
Q

Dharma means?

A

moral duty

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30
Q

this is classified as the shruti texts in Hinduism and are regarded as the foundation of the religion.

A

Vedas

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31
Q

Vedas originated from what word?

A

Vedic

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32
Q

Vedism originated

A
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33
Q

What is the four vedas?
RYSA

A

Rig Veda
Yajur Veda
Sana Veda
Atharva Veda

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34
Q

knowledge of the verses
what veda?

A

Rig veda

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35
Q

knowledge of song
what veda?

A

Sama Veda

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36
Q

knowledge of the fire priest
what veda?

A

Atharva Veda

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37
Q

this is the oldest veda and considered one of the most important.

A

Rig veda

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38
Q

rig veda consist of how many hymns?

A

1028

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39
Q

this contains the instructions on how to conduct Hindu rituals. These rituals often involve performing sacrifices, and Hindu priest use the Yajur Veda in leading these ceremonies.

A

Yajur Veda

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40
Q

this veda contains verses which are mostly froom the rig veda. the ——— teaches the manner in which chants must be performed in sacrificial rites.
what veda is stated?

A

Sama Veda

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41
Q

It is considered different from the other three vedas as its material does not necessarily pertain to the praise of gods or sacrificial rituals. Instead ——— contains spells and incantations for healing different illnesses and casting away evil spirits.

A

Atharva Veda

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42
Q

all of the vedas teach one purpose and that is?

A

teach that the purpose of human life is to realize and know the absolute truth, and not just to live in a superficial manner.

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43
Q

Yoga originated from the sanskrit word?

A

Yuj

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44
Q

Yuj means?

A

To connect or unify

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45
Q

It is a Hindu practice that includes techniques like breath control, meditation, and specific body postures, commonly used for both what?

A

health and relaxation purposes.

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46
Q

The word yuj signifies?

A

Unity and to connect

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47
Q

Yoga primarily serves as a spiritual practice deeply rooted in a delicate science, with its main goal being the establishment of what?

A

harmony between the mind and the body.

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48
Q

Karma yoga is the ———, or simply, the ?.

A

path of action— yoga of action.

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49
Q

This is the 700-verse Hindu scripture that offers several approaches to liberation from suffering, self-realization, and connection with the Divine
What is stated?

A

Bhagavad Gita,

50
Q

This yoga diminishes the ego and purifies the mind. It counters the Mala (impurity), which is a tendency to be motivated to act in the interest of self- gain.

A

Karma Yoga

51
Q

It is considered to be the most virtuous approach to service as it employs selfless service and is an act of service toward others without the expectation of anything in return.
What yoga?

A

Karma yoga

52
Q

———is suggested for those who are of a busy, outgoing, or community-based nature.

A

Karma yoga

53
Q

———-is the yoga of devotion
It involves the awareness of the sacred or divine in everything and an act of selfless devotion.

A

Bhakti yoga

54
Q

According to this path, a lack of faith in the Divine or Sacred Essence has caused us to lose connection to our Divine Self. The solution, therefore, is love, surrender, and devotion to the Divine qualities in everything.
What is this yoga?

A

Bhakti yoga

55
Q

This Yoga asks us how to cleanse and change our egotistic self-love by focusing the mind on sacred thoughts and transferring all our love and emotions into the Divine essence that permeates all.

A

Bhakti yoga

56
Q

This is the easiest of the paths.
What type of yoga?

A

Bhakti yoga

57
Q

Examples of Bhakti Yoga are?

A

chanting, puja, and devotional rituals.

58
Q

Path of Knowledge or Wisdom”
What yoga?

A

Iñana Yoga

59
Q

The caste system
B K V S D

A

brahmins
Kshatriyas
Vaishyas
Shudras
Dalits

60
Q

caste system, the highest class in the caste system
- Members: spiritual leaders, priests, scholars, and teachers of Hinduism

A

brahmins

61
Q

caste system, ranked after the Brahmins and are made up of society’s warriors and rulers. Its duty is to
protect and govern the people

A

kshatriyas

62
Q

caste system, composed of traders and merchants, and the economy of the ancient Hindu society
depended on them.

A

vaishyas

63
Q

caste system,lowest class in the caste system
- Composed of laborers, peasants, and servants

A

shudras

64
Q

caste system, those who failed to pursue their dharma in their past life

A

dalits

65
Q

what is ahimsa?

A

non violence and respect for all life forms

66
Q

what is kama?

A

virtuous pursuit of pleasure and affection

67
Q

Hinduism belief
BA
three major gods
important concepts

A

brahman and atman

Three Major Gods
1. Brahma (consort: Sarasvati, goddess of knowledge) – god of creation
2. Shiva (consort: Parvati, a benevolent goddess) – god of destruction
3. Vishnu (consort: Lakshmi, goddess of wealth and prosperity) – god of preservation
Important Concepts
1. Dharma – religious and moral laws governing all people’s actions and lives
2. Avatar – an incarnation of a Hindu deity on earth in various forms
3. Karma – the law of cause and effect
4. Samsara or Reincarnation – Hindu phenomenon of the atman’s immortality. After death, the soul
will repeatedly undergo birth and rebirth until it finally attains liberation
5. Moksha – the end cycle of birth and rebirth

68
Q

organization of hinduism

A

the caste system

69
Q

hinduism emotions and values

A

Ahimsa – non-violence and respect for all life forms
• Kama – refers to the virtuous pursuit of pleasure and affection
DAPHNIE‘S VERSION

• Artha – virtuous pursuit of career, wealth, and economic prosperity
• Dharma – entails piety, virtue, and righteous living
• Moksha – the most important goal in Hinduism. This is the spiritual illumination and the liberation
from the cycle of birth and rebirth, known as samsara
The Four Major Pathways in Hinduism
1. Karma Yoga – path of action
2. Bhakti Yoga – vocally expressing one’s love and devotion to the gods
3. Jñana Yoga – path of knowledge or wisdom
4. Raja Yoga – the most effective path for achieving the highest state of yoga

70
Q

rituals and ceremonies of hinduism

A

Puja – the central act of Hindu worship
- A ritual where the devotee connects and communicates with a Hindu deity
- Involves meditation and offering of food and flowers to Brahma and the other Hindu deities
- Believed that performing this enable them to gain strength from the deities
• Homa – dedicated offering requiring the presence of fire with the purpose to divert negative energies and arouse positive energies
• Vrata – a total devotion of one’s soul and mind to god. It means “vow”, “resolve”, and “commitment” in Sanskrit
MAJOR TYPES OF HINDU RITUALS
• Jatakarma – the birth ceremony
• Upanayana – the initiation (symbolizes rebirth)
• Vivaha – the marriage
• Antyeshti – the cremation
HOLY DAYS IN HINDUISM
- Diwali (an appealing to Lakshmi)
- Navaratri (summary of an entire spiritual journey) (Means “nine nights”)

71
Q

sacred objects and spaces

A

Shruti (“that which is heard or revealed”)
• Smriti (“that which is remembered”)
• Vedas (Sanskrit meaning: “knowledge”) – are classified as the shruti texts in Hinduism and are
regarded as the foundation of the religion
• The Four Vedas
1. Rig Veda (Knowledge of the Verses)
2. Yajur Veda (Knowledge of the Sacrifice)
3. Sama Veda (Knowledge of Song)
4. Atharva Veda (Knowledge of the Fire Priest)
• The Divisions of the Vedas
- Samhita (“collections”)
- Brahmas (“expositions”)
- Aranyakas (“forest treatises”)
- Upanishads (“philosophical knowledge”)
• Smriti
- Puranas – book of myths and legends about the Hindu deities and the creation and
destruction of the universe
- Ramayana – an Indian epic which teachers values of duty and morality

72
Q

buddhism belief
N S
the T J

A

• Nirvana – reaching enlightenment
• Samsara – putting an end to suffering THE THREE JEWELS
1. The Buddha – the perfection gained from enlightenment
2. Dharma – teachings of the Buddha
3. Sangha – monastic community that guides believers toward achieving enlightenment and prefection

73
Q

organization, buddhism

A

Sangha – meaning “community” in Sanskrit
- Refers to the community of all Buddhists in general, but is used specifically for the monastic
community composed of monks (bhikkus) and nuns (bhikkunis).

74
Q

emotions and values, buddhism
FNT
NEP
FP

A

FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
1. The truth of Dukkha (anxiety, dissatisfaction, and suffering)
2. The truth of Samudaya (the source of suffering)
3. The truth of Nirodha (the end of suffering)
4. The truth of Magga (the path leading to the end of suffering)
• Desire is the primary origins of suffering, and is related to ignorance
• The spiritual freedom from suffering can be obtained through the attainment of nirvana
THE NOBLE EIGHTFOLD PATH
1. Right Understanding
2. Right thought
3. Right concentration
4. Right mindfulness
5. Right speech
6. Right action
7. Right livelihood
8. Right effort
FIVE PRECEPTS
1. Refrain from killing
2. Refrain from stealing
3. Refrain from engaging in sexual misconduct
4. Refrain from lying and false speech
5. Refrain from buying and selling alcoholic substances

75
Q

rituals and ceremonies
buddhism

A

CELEBRATED BY THE THERAVADA BUDDHISTS:
1. Magha Puja Day – remembers the sermon that Buddha gave to 1, 250 monks
2. Esala Perahera – commemoration of the relic f the sacred tooth of the Buddha
3. Kathina festival – commemorates an event in the Buddha’s life that showed his relationship with his
followers
DAPHNIE‘S VERSION

CELEBRATED BY THE MAHAYANA BUDDHISTS
1. Parinirvana Day – gives much focus on the concept of enlightenment
2. Hana Matsuri – not only celebrate the birth of Buddha, but also reminds Mahayana Buddhists of the
concept of transience
3. Obon – a time for Mahayana Buddhists to remember their deceased loved ones

76
Q

sacred objects and spaces

A

• The Buddha is often represented by symbols such as his footprints and the wheel with eight spokes, the Dharmachakra
• The footprints of the Buddha are considered to be the closest representation of him
• The Dharmachakra or the “Dharma Wheel” is regarded by Buddhists as a symbol for numerous beliefs and elements of Buddhism. It also symbolizes the samsara/endless rebirth of man. It has
three parts; the hub, the rim, and the spokes. These symbolizes the values taught in Buddhism;
discipline, concentration, and wisdom
SACRED TEXTS
FOR THERAVADA BUDDHISM
- Tipitaka or Pali Canon
FOR MAHAYANA BUDDHISM
- Sutras – the sacred texts of Mahayana Buddhism
- Lotus Sutra – Buddha gives instruction to the bodhisattvas on how to achieve enlightenment
- Heart Sutra – discusses the concepts of enlightenment and nothingness
- Land of Bliss Sutra
- Filial Piety Sutra – integrates the Confucianist belief in the importance of filial piety, or loving
one’s parents

77
Q

emotions and values, hinduism, virtuous pursuit of career, wealth, and economic prosperity

A

artha

78
Q

hinduism, emotions and values, entails piety, virtue, and righteous living

A

dharma

79
Q

emotions and values, hinduism, the most important goal in Hinduism. This is the spiritual illumination and the liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth, known as samsara

A

moksha

80
Q

four major pathways in hinduism
KBJR

A

karma
bhakti
jjñana
raja

81
Q

rituals and ceremonies of hinduism, the central act of hindu worship

A

puja

82
Q

rituals and ceremonies from hinduism, dedicated offering requiring the presence of fire with the purpose to divert negative energies and arouse positive energies

A

homa

83
Q

rituals and ceremonies from hinduism, a total devotion of one’s soul and mind to god. It means “vow”, “resolve”, and “commitment” in Sanskrit

A

vrata

84
Q

major types of hindu rituals
J U V A

A

jatakarma
upanayana
vivaha
antyeshti

85
Q

Major type of hindu ritual, the birth ceremony

A

jatakarma

86
Q

ajor type of hinddu ritual, the initiation

A

upanayama

87
Q

major type of hindu ritual, the marriage

A

vivaha

88
Q

major type of hindu ritual , the cremation

A

antyeshti

89
Q

holy days in hinduism
D N

A

Diwali and Navaratri - nine nights

90
Q

sacred objects and spaces in hinduism, that whih heard or revealed

A

shruti

91
Q

sacred objects and spaces, that which is remembered, hinduism

A

smitri

92
Q

sacred objects and spaces, Sanskrit meaning: “knowledge”) – are classified as the shruti texts in Hinduism and are
regarded as the foundation of the religion, hinduism

A

vedas

93
Q

the four vedas
RYSA

A
  1. Rig Veda (Knowledge of the Verses)
  2. Yajur Veda (Knowledge of the Sacrifice)
  3. Sama Veda (Knowledge of Song)
  4. Atharva Veda (Knowledge of the Fire Priest)
94
Q

the four vedas
RYSA

A
  1. Rig Veda (Knowledge of the Verses)
  2. Yajur Veda (Knowledge of the Sacrifice)
  3. Sama Veda (Knowledge of Song)
  4. Atharva Veda (Knowledge of the Fire Priest)
95
Q

veda that is the knowledge of verses

A

rig veda

96
Q

veda that is knowledge of sacrifice

A

Yajur veda

97
Q

veda- knowledge of song

A

sama veda

98
Q

veda that s knowledge of. the fire priest

A

Atharva veda

99
Q

• The Divisions of the Vedas
SBAU

A

Samhita (“collections”)
- Brahmas (“expositions”)
- Aranyakas (“forest treatises”)
- Upanishads (“philosophical knowledge”)

100
Q

An indian epic which teachers values of duty and morality

A

Ramaya

101
Q

book of myths and legends about the Hindu deities and the creation and
destruction of the universe

A

puranas

102
Q

history of war and peace in India
hinduism

A

mahabrata

103
Q

the hindu temple

A

mandir

104
Q

belief in buddhism, reaching enlightment

A

nirvana

105
Q

belief in buddhism, putting an end to suffering

A

Samsara

106
Q

the three jewels in buddhism
TDS

A
  1. The Buddha – the perfection gained from enlightenment
  2. Dharma – teachings of the Buddha
  3. Sangha – monastic community that guides believers toward achieving enlightenment and prefection
107
Q

what kind of three jewel in buddhism, the perfection gained from enlightment

A

the buddha

108
Q

the three jewel in buddhism, teachings of the buddha

A

dharma

109
Q

one of the three jewels of buddhim, monastic cimmunity that guides believers toward acheiving enlightment and perfection

A

sangha

110
Q

this mens community in sankrit?

A

sangha

111
Q

four noble truths in buddhism
D S N M

A
  1. The truth of Dukkha (anxiety, dissatisfaction, and suffering)
  2. The truth of Samudaya (the source of suffering)
  3. The truth of Nirodha (the end of suffering)
  4. The truth of Magga (the path leading to the end of suffering)
112
Q

one of the four noble truths, anxiety dissatisfaction and suffering

A

dukkha

113
Q

four noble truths in buddhism, the source of suffering

A

samudaya

114
Q

four noble truths of buddhism, the end of suffering

A

nirodha

115
Q

four noble truth of budddhism, the path leading to the end of suffering

A

magga

116
Q

Nole eightfold path
UTCMSALE

A
  1. Right Understanding
  2. Right thought
  3. Right concentration
  4. Right mindfulness
  5. Right speech
  6. Right action
  7. Right livelihood
  8. Right effort
117
Q

FIVE PRECEPT OF BUDDHISM

A
  1. Refrain from killing
  2. Refrain from stealing
  3. Refrain from engaging in sexual misconduct
  4. Refrain from lying and false speech
  5. Refrain from buying and selling alcoholic substances
118
Q

CELEBRATED BY THE THERAVADA BUDDHISTS
M E K

A

Magha Puja Day – remembers the sermon that Buddha gave to 1, 250 monks
2. Esala Perahera – commemoration of the relic f the sacred tooth of the Buddha
3. Kathina festival – commemorates an event in the Buddha’s life that showed his relationship with his
followers

119
Q

CELEBRATED BY THE MAYANA BUDDHIST

A
  1. Parinirvana Day – gives much focus on the concept of enlightenment
  2. Hana Matsuri – not only celebrate the birth of Buddha, but also reminds Mahayana Buddhists of the
    concept of transience
  3. Obon – a time for Mahayana Buddhists to remember their deceased loved ones
120
Q

SACRED TEXT OF BUDDHISM

A

TIPITAKA

121
Q

FOR MAHAYANA BUDDHISM, SACRED TEXT

A

Sutras – the sacred texts of Mahayana Buddhism
- Lotus Sutra – Buddha gives instruction to the bodhisattvas on how to achieve enlightenment
- Heart Sutra – discusses the concepts of enlightenment and nothingness
- Land of Bliss Sutra
- Filial Piety Sutra – integrates the Confucianist belief in the importance of filial piety, or loving
one’s parents

Grade 12- Second Quarter Exams (6 decks)

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