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Grade 12- Second Quarter Exams > PRACRES > Flashcards

PRACRES Flashcards

1
Q

serves as the structure of the study. It gives direction to the study and makes the research more systematic.

A

RESEARCH DESIGN

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2
Q

TWO TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

A

EXPERIMENTAL AND NON EXPERIMENTAL

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3
Q

is a quantitative research design that bases its research method on scientific activity called experiment, in which test or examination of a thing under manipulated or controlled environment is sone to determine its validity or truthfulness.

A

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN

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4
Q

is a quantitative research design that is capable of giving qualitative and quantitative data, but more on qualitative data. Hence, this is often used in the field or social sciences. WHAT KIND OF RESEARCH DESIGN

A

NON EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

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5
Q

TWO TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
QT

A

TRUE EXPERIMENTAL
QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL

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6
Q

Prone to bias caused by your purposive rather than random selection of participants. This is used to investigate causal relationships when the researcher cannot (or doesn’t want to) randomly assign participants.
WHAT TYPE OFEXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN?

A

QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL

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7
Q

Random selection of participants. It’s a bias free selection that ensures objectivity of results. WHAT TYPE OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN?

A

TRUE EXPERIMENTAL

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8
Q

4 TYPES OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
CCDS

A

COMPARATIVE, CORRELATIONAL, DESCRIPTIVE AND SURVEY

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9
Q

Describes the attitudes, preferences, views, feelings, opinions, and other behavioral patterns of a big number of people for arriving at a certain conclusion about societal concerns and issues.
WHAT KIND OF NON EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN?

A

SURVEY

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10
Q

Shows extent and direction of variable relationships, that is whether a negative or positive relationship exists between or among them. WHAT KIND OF NO EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN?

A

CORRELATIONAL

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11
Q

Depicts an image or a picture of an individual or a group. This type of research uses interviews, questionnaires, polls, and other similar instrument in order to gather data.
What kind of non experimental research design?

A

Descriptive

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12
Q

States the difference or similarities between or among people, things, objects, etc. It compares the variables but it does not focus on the relationship.
What kind of non experimental research design?

A

Comparative

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13
Q

The school principal wants to know the enrollment summary of his school including the profile of the enrollees.
What kind of research design?
A. Comparative
B. Correlational
C. Descriptive

A

Descriptive

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14
Q

A psychologist wants to know the degree of relationship between the verbal ability and numerical ability of every individual.
What kind of research design?

A. Comparative
B. Correlational
C. Descriptive

A

B. correlational

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15
Q

A dermatologist wants to know the effectiveness of a new formulation of shampoo and how it differs from the previous formulation.
What kind of research design?

A. Comparative
B. Correlational
C. True experimental
D. Experimental research

A

D. Experimental research

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16
Q

A guidance counselor wants to know the factors that affect the performance of students in class.
What kind of research design?

A. Descriptive
B. Quasi-experimental
C. True experimental
D. Experimental research

A

B. Quasi

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17
Q

Collecting data is one major component of any type of research. In collecting quantitative data, stress is given to the accuracy or appropriateness o your data gathering technique as well as the right instrument to collect the data (Matthews & Ross, 2010; Badke, 2012; Thomas, 2013; Woodwell, 2014).

A
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18
Q

Types of data collecting techniques
COSE

A

Content Analysis
Observation
Survey
Experiment

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19
Q

You search through several oral or written forms of communication to find answers to your research questions. You not only examines printed materials but you also analyze information.
What type of data collection technique?

A

Content analysis

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20
Q

You want to discover the reason behind the effects on the subjects. It’s a method of collecting data where you give the subject a sort of condition or treatment.
What type of data collection technique?

A

Experiment

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21
Q

You obtain facts or information about the subject or object of your research through the data gathering instruments of interview and questionnaires.
What type of data collection technique?

A

Survey

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22
Q

You gather facts or information about people, things, place, events, and so on by watching and listening to them. Simply doing observations using your different senses.
What type of data collection teechnique?

A

Observation

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23
Q

Types of observation
CNP

A

Controlled observation
Naturalistic Observation
Participant Observation

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24
Q
  • (usually a structured observation) are likely to be carried out in a physical laboratory. The researcher decides where the observation will take place, at what time, with which participants, in what circumstances and uses a standardized procedure. Participants are randomly allocated to each independent variable group.
    What type of observation?
A

Controlled observation

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25
Q
  • a research method commonly used by psychologists and other social scientists. This technique involves observing involves studying the spontaneous behavior of participants in natural surroundings. The researcher simply records what they see in whatever way they can.
    Wht type of observation?
A

Naturalistic observation?

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26
Q
  • is a variant of the above (natural observations) but here the researcher joins in and becomes part of the group they are studying to get a deeper insight into their lives.
    What type of observation?
A

Participant observation

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27
Q

TYPES OF SURVEY IN DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT
Q I

A

Questionnaire and Interview

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28
Q
  • is a paper containing series of questions formulated for an individual and independent answering by several respondents to obtain statistical information. Wht type of survey?
A

Questionnaire

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29
Q

– makes you ask a set of questions. Only that, this time, you do it orally. What type of survey

A

Interview

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30
Q

– makes you ask a set of questions. Only that, this time, you do it orally. What type of survey

A

Interview

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31
Q

Opening questions to establish friendly relationships like questions about the place, the time, the physical appearance of the participant or other nonverbal things that are not for audio recording. What order of interview questions?

A

First set of questions

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32
Q

Generative questions to encourage open-ended questions like those that ask about the respondent’s inferences, views or opinions about the interview topic.
What order of interview questions?

A

Second set of questions

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33
Q

Directive questions or close ended questions to elicit specific answers like those that are answerable with yes or no what order of interview questions?

A

Third set of questions

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34
Q

Ending questions thta give the respondents the chance to air their satistfaction, wants, likes and dislikes, reactions, comments about the interview. Included here are the closing statements to give the respondence some ideas or clues on your next move or actvity.
What order of interview questions?

A

Fourth set of questions

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35
Q

pieces of information or facts known by people in this world.

A

Data

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36
Q

TYPES OF EXPERIMENT IN DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT

A
  1. Laboratory experiments can be standard testing methods, independently developed procedures or laboratory scale model investigations.
  2. Experiments carried out in the field require careful planning and coordination. Higher contingencies in terms of budget and time must be considered. Controlling and monitoring the changing parameters on site could also involve other parties and the law.
  3. Computer numerical model is another method to carry out experiments. There are various computer codes that can be utilized to construct a model.
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37
Q

TYPES OF CONTENT ANALYSIS IN DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT
FTTA

A

Formal content analysis
Textual content analysis
Thematic content analysis
Audience content analysis approach

38
Q

samples of texts are collected and categorized through a certain system of method. What type of content analysis?

A

Formal content analysis approach

39
Q

language structures (words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs) are examined to determine their effects on the readers. What type of content analysis?

A

Textual content analysis approach

40
Q

records or documents are analyzed to discover the purposes or motives of the communication media in producing such kind of documents and records.
What type of content analysis approach?

A

Thematic Content Analysis Approach

41
Q

communication media records or concepts are studied to find out how meaningful, acceptable, or unacceptable the media contents are the audience.
What kind of content analysis approach?

A

Audience content analysis approach

42
Q

MEASUREMENT SCALES FOR QUATITATIVE DATA
NOIR

43
Q

categorizing people based on gender, religion, and position, etc.
What type of measurement scale?

A

Nominal scale

44
Q

ranking or arranging the classified variables to determine who should be
the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and so on.
What type of measurement scale?

A

Ordinal scale

45
Q

showing equal intervals or differences of people’s views or attitudes like
the Likert Attitude Scale
What kind of measurement scale?

A

Interval scale

46
Q

rating something from zero to a certain point performance in Math subject –
a grade of 90% (from 0 to 100%)
What type of measurement scale?

A

Ratio scale

47
Q

This describes a certain aspect of data set by making you calculate the mean, median, mode, and standard deviation. This kind of statistics does not tell anything about the population.
What kind of statistical method?

A

Descriptive statistics

48
Q

This statistical method does not focus itself only on the features of the category of set, but on the characteristics of the sample that are true for the population from where you have drawn your sample. Your analysis begins with sample, and then, based on your findings about the sample, you make inferences or assumptions about the population. What kind of statistical methodology?

A

Inferential

49
Q

Types of statistical data analysis
BUM

A

Bivariate
Univariate
Multivariate

50
Q

Analysis of one variable, what kind of statistical data analysis?

A

Univariate

51
Q

Analysis of two variables, what type of statistical data analysis?

52
Q

Analysis of multiple relations between multiple variables, what type of statistical data analysis?

A

Multivariate analysis

53
Q

Statistical methods of bivariate analysis are?
CC

A

Correlation o covariation
Cross tabulation

54
Q

describes the relationship between two variables and also tests the strength or significance of their liner relation.
What type of STATISTICAL METHODS OF BIVARIATE ANALYSIS?

A

Correlation or Covariation (correlated variation)

55
Q

it follows the format of matrix that is made up of lines of numbers, symbols, and other expressions. By displaying the frequency and percentage, it explains the reason behind the relationship of two variables and the effect of one variable on the other variable.
What type of STATISTICAL METHODS OF BIVARIATE ANALYSIS?

A

Cross tabulation

56
Q

this is a measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between variables and likewise gives the extent of dependence between two variables – meaning the effect of one variable on the other variable.

A

Correlation Coefficient

57
Q

Measures of correlation coefficient
SPCTA

A

Spearman’s rho
Pearson product-moment correlation
Chi-square
T-test
Anova

58
Q

the test to measure the dependence of the dependent
variable on the independent variable.
What type of measure of correlation?

A

Spearman’s rho

59
Q

measures the strength and direction
of the linear relationship of two variables and of the association between interval and
ordinal variables.
What type of measure correlation?

A

Pearson product-moment correlation

60
Q

bivariate analysis for nominal variables, to test the null hypothesis. It tests whether or not a relationship exists between or among variables, and tells the
probability that the relationship is caused by chance.
What kind of messure of correlation?

A

Chi square

61
Q

evaluates the probability that the mean of the samples reflects the mean of the
population from where the sample was drawn. It also tests the difference of two means, the sample and population mean. ANOVA also uses t-test to determine the variance or the difference between the predicted number of samples and the actual measurement.
What kind of measure of correlation?

62
Q

Types of anova
MAO

A

Mancova
Ancova
One-way anova

63
Q

study the effects of the independent variable.
What type of anova

A

One-way anova

64
Q

study of two or more dependent variables that are correlated with one another. What type of anova?

65
Q

multiple analyses of one or more independent variables and one
dependent variable to see if the independent variables affect one another.
What type of anova?

66
Q

it determines the existence of variable relationships, but does more than this

A

Regression

67
Q

means choosing the respondents or subjects from a large population to answer your research questions.

68
Q

a technical term in research which means a big group of people from where you choose the sample or the chosen set of people to represent your study.

A

Population

69
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SAMPLE SELECTON

A
  1. Sample Size
  2. Sampling Technique
  3. Heterogeneity of Population
  4. Statistical Techniques
  5. Time and Cost
70
Q

You base your selection of respondents on pure chance. Everybody in the population has an equal chance to participates.
What type of sampling?

A

Probability sampling

71
Q

Types of probability sampling
SSSC

A

Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling

72
Q

You select your respondents randomly but purposefully. Because they are not randomized, they are susceptible to bias. What type of sampling?

A

Non-probability sampling

73
Q

Types of Non-probability sampling
QVPAS

A

Quota
Voluntary
Purposive
Availability
Snowball

74
Q

RESEARCH WRITING vs. REPORT WRITING

A

How would you compare and contrast research writing and report writing? Both depend on various sources of data or information. But they differ form each other as to what kind of data they present.
Research writing presents facts and opinions of other people about a particular subject matter. It also includes your interpretations as a researcher of these know facts.
Report Writing also presents facts and opinions of others; however, it does not claim that these opinions originally come from the writer for the reason that some reading materials includes books, journals, magazines, among others have already published these facts and opinions.

75
Q

selection of respondent is solely on pure chance

A

simple random sapmling

76
Q

—-population is composed of individuals with varied abilities

A

heterogeneous

77
Q

—-population has lots of uniformity in abilities existing among the population members where one sample will do

A

homogeneous

78
Q

picking out from the list of
every 5th or every 8th member listed in the sampling
frame. what kind of probability sampling

A

systematic sampling

79
Q

choosing a sample that will be
later on subdivided into strata
what probability sampling?

A

stratified

80
Q

selecting respondent in cluster rather than in seperate individuals. what probability sampling?

A

cluster sampling

81
Q

samples that corresponds to the
population in terms of one or more characteristics.
what non-probability sampling

A

quota sampling

82
Q

people who are very much willing to participate. what type of non probability sampling?

A

voluntary sampling

83
Q

people with good background knowledge about the topic (ex: professionals)
what kind of non probability sampling?

A

purposeibe sampling

84
Q

people who are easy to find or locate and willing to establish contact with you. what kind of non probability sampling?

A

availability sampling

85
Q

selecting samples from several alternative samples. what kind of non probablity sampling?

A

snowball sampling

86
Q

the parts of your research report based on the standard research report structure.

87
Q

yourself with the language of academic writing.

A

familiarize

88
Q

the following mechanics of research report writing.

89
Q

APA STAND FOR?

A

American Psychological Association)

90
Q

MLA STANDS FOR?

A

modern language association

91
Q

CMS STANDS FOR?

A

chicago manual of style

Grade 12- Second Quarter Exams (6 decks)

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