World of Microbiology - Robison

Question 1

What are Whittaker’s 5 Kingdoms?

Answer 1

animals, fungi, plants, protists, monera

Question 2

What are Woese’s 3 Kingdom?

Answer 2

bacteria, archea, eukaryotes

Question 3

Describe characteristics of Fungi

Answer 3

Eukaryotic, heterotrophs
chitin cell walls
Can be both multicellular and Unicellular

Question 4

Describe characteristics of Protazoa

Answer 4

Single cell eukaryotes

Classified by locomotion: pseudopodia, cilia, flagella

Question 5

Describe characteristics of Algae

Answer 5

Can be both multi or unicellular

photosynthetic

Question 6

Describe characteristics of Prokaryotes

Answer 6

unicellular with no nucleus
Reproduce asexually
Needs moisure
Two kinds: archea and bacteria

Question 7

Describe characteristics of Helminths

Answer 7

“other organism”

ie. nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, bacteriophage

Question 8

What is a glycocalyces?

Answer 8

gelatinous sticky substance made from polysaccharides out side the cell

Question 9

What is a capsule?

Answer 9

repeating units firmly attached to the cell surface to protect

Question 10

Describe the structure of a flagella

Answer 10

composed of a filament, hook, and basal body
inserted into the body of a cell
rotates 360 like a propeller

Question 11

Describe the difference between runs and tumbles

Answer 11

Runs is when the cell moves in one single direction towards a positive stimulus

Tumbles is when the cell moves in multiple directions in response to a negative stimulus

Question 12

What is different about fimbrae and pili rather than flagella?

Answer 12

Both fimbrae and pili are non-motile while flagella are

Fimbrae and pili help with adhering

Pili are also used for conjugation in bacteria

Question 13

What are bacterial cell walls made of?

Answer 13

Peptidoglycan

Question 14

What is peptidoglycan made of?

Answer 14

Repeating units of NAM and NAG

Question 15

What are the three types of cell walls?

Answer 15

Gram negative
Gram postitive
Acid fast

Question 16

Describe a gram positive cell wall

Answer 16

Thick layer of peptidoglycan
teichoic acids
Retains crystal violet

Question 17

Describe a gram negative cell wall

Answer 17

Thinner layer of peptidoglycan

Has an outer phospholipid bilayer with LPS

Question 18

What are LPS and why is important concerning animals?

Answer 18

LPS is lipopolysaccharide which is an endotoxin and is toxic to animals

Contains lipid A which can trigger fever, vasodialation, inflammation, shock and blood clotting

Question 19

Describe an acid fast cell wall

Answer 19

Very waxy cell wall with most (60%) mycolic acids

Question 20

What is different about archea cell walls?

Answer 20

Contains different polysaccharides

Contains NAT instead of NAM

Question 21

Which kinds of cells produce endospores and how?

Answer 21

Gram positive cells
Bacillus and Clostridium

From vegetative cells

Question 22

Describe characteristics of endospores

Answer 22

Usually have a capsule
Extremely dehydrated
Resistant to heat, drying, lethal chemicals, and radiation
Can remain viable to tens to thousands of years