World of Microbiology - Robison Flashcards
What are Whittaker’s 5 Kingdoms?
animals, fungi, plants, protists, monera
What are Woese’s 3 Kingdom?
bacteria, archea, eukaryotes
Describe characteristics of Fungi
Eukaryotic, heterotrophs
chitin cell walls
Can be both multicellular and Unicellular
Describe characteristics of Protazoa
Single cell eukaryotes
Classified by locomotion: pseudopodia, cilia, flagella
Describe characteristics of Algae
Can be both multi or unicellular
photosynthetic
Describe characteristics of Prokaryotes
unicellular with no nucleus
Reproduce asexually
Needs moisure
Two kinds: archea and bacteria
Describe characteristics of Helminths
“other organism”
ie. nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, bacteriophage
What is a glycocalyces?
gelatinous sticky substance made from polysaccharides out side the cell
What is a capsule?
repeating units firmly attached to the cell surface to protect
Describe the structure of a flagella
composed of a filament, hook, and basal body
inserted into the body of a cell
rotates 360 like a propeller
Describe the difference between runs and tumbles
Runs is when the cell moves in one single direction towards a positive stimulus
Tumbles is when the cell moves in multiple directions in response to a negative stimulus
What is different about fimbrae and pili rather than flagella?
Both fimbrae and pili are non-motile while flagella are
Fimbrae and pili help with adhering
Pili are also used for conjugation in bacteria
What are bacterial cell walls made of?
Peptidoglycan
What is peptidoglycan made of?
Repeating units of NAM and NAG
What are the three types of cell walls?
Gram negative
Gram postitive
Acid fast
Describe a gram positive cell wall
Thick layer of peptidoglycan
teichoic acids
Retains crystal violet
Describe a gram negative cell wall
Thinner layer of peptidoglycan
Has an outer phospholipid bilayer with LPS
What are LPS and why is important concerning animals?
LPS is lipopolysaccharide which is an endotoxin and is toxic to animals
Contains lipid A which can trigger fever, vasodialation, inflammation, shock and blood clotting
Describe an acid fast cell wall
Very waxy cell wall with most (60%) mycolic acids
What is different about archea cell walls?
Contains different polysaccharides
Contains NAT instead of NAM
Which kinds of cells produce endospores and how?
Gram positive cells
Bacillus and Clostridium
From vegetative cells
Describe characteristics of endospores
Usually have a capsule
Extremely dehydrated
Resistant to heat, drying, lethal chemicals, and radiation
Can remain viable to tens to thousands of years
