World History Vocab CHPTS 1 and 2

Question 1

Civilization

Answer 1

A term often used to denote more complex societies, any group of people sharing a set of cultural traits-Cities as administrative centers-a political system based on defined territory-many people engaged in specialized non food activities-status distinctions based largely on wealth accumulation-monumental building-system for keeping permanent records-long distance trade-sophisticated interest in science and art

Question 2

Culture

Answer 2

learned patterns of action and expression, include material and non-material things

Question 3

History

Answer 3

The development, transmission, and transformation of cultural practices and events

Question 4

Stone age

Answer 4

Age of stone toolmaking, first recognizable cultural activity 2 million years ago

Question 5

Paleolithic

Answer 5

Old stone age, lasted until about 10,000 years ago

Question 6

Neolithic

Answer 6

New Stone age, associated with origins of agriculture

Question 7

Foragers

Answer 7

Hunting and gathering people

Question 8

Agricultural Revolutions

Answer 8

emphasizes central role of food production and signals changeover occurred several times

Question 9

Holocene

Answer 9

The era in which the global warming ended the last ice age in 9000 b.c.e

Question 10

Megalith

Answer 10

Big stones, seem to relate to religious beliefs

Question 11

Babylon

Answer 11

Most important city in southern Mesopotamia for second and first millennium b.c.e

Question 12

Sumerians

Answer 12

Beginning of written records, marks between prehistory and history, in southern Mesopotamia at least by 5000 b.c.e +

Question 13

Semitic

Answer 13

Non-Sumerian language, family of languages spoken in parts of western Asia and northern Africa

Question 14

City-State

Answer 14

refers to a self-governing urban center and agricultural territories it controls

Question 15

Hammurabi

Answer 15

Created famous Law Code inscribed on polished black stone pillar

Question 16

Scribe

Answer 16

administrator or scholar charged by temple or palace with reading and writing task

Question 17

Ziggurat

Answer 17

multistory, mudbrick pyramid shaped tower approached by ramp and stairs

Question 18

Amulets

Answer 18

small charms meant to protect bearer from evil

Question 19

Cuneiform

Answer 19

Language of wedge-shaped writing

Question 20

Pharaoh

Answer 20

Egyptian state centered on king, aka New Kingdom

Question 21

Ma’at

Answer 21

Maintained by Pharaoh, divinely authorized order of the universe

Question 22

Pyramid

Answer 22

series of stone platform laid one on top of the other

Question 23

Memphis

Answer 23

Held central position during the Old Kingdom

Question 24

Thebes

Answer 24

far to south, often supplanted it during the Middle and New Kingdom

Question 25

Hieroglyphics

Answer 25

Writing system of Egypt, featured picture symbols standing for words syllables or sounds.

Question 26

Rosetta Stone

Answer 26

Cracked by Howard Carter? allowed deciphering of hieroglyphics

Question 27

Papyrus

Answer 27

made from stems of papyrus reed, writing material

Question 28

Mummy

Answer 28

Body wrapped in bandages, way of being sent to afterlife, placed in tomb

Question 29

Harappa/ Mohenjo-Daro

Answer 29

Flourished civilizations flourished in Indus River Valley

Question 30

Loess

Answer 30

Yellowish-Brown dust, particles in Yellow river that give it its name

Question 31

Shang

Answer 31

Period 1750-1027 b.c.e that originated in part of Yellow River Valley that lies in present day provice of Henan

Question 32

Dvination

Answer 32

Shang rulers used this method of heating bones with metal rods, then reading the signs/wills of the gods from the cracks

Question 33

Zhou

Answer 33

Period 1027-221 b.c.e, began after defeating the last Shang king, added onto Shang culture

Question 34

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 34

According to theory, ruler had been chosen by the supreme deity and would retain his backing as long as he served as a wise, principle, energetic guardian of his people

Question 35

Legalism

Answer 35

Political philosophy that maintained that human nature is essentially wicked and people behave in an orderly fashion only if compelled by strict/harsh laws/punishments.

Question 36

Confucius

Answer 36

His teachings emphasized benevolence, avoidance of violence, justice, rationalism, loyalty, and dignity

Question 37

Daoism

Answer 37

School of thought that sought to stop the warfare of the age by urging humanity to follow the Dao/”Path”

Question 38

Yin and Yang

Answer 38

Complementary nature of female and male roles in natural orderMale= Yang - sun, active, shiningFemale= Yin - moon, passive, shaded

Question 39

Kush

Answer 39

Kingdom (Capital: Kerma), one of earliest urbanized centers in tropical Africa

Question 40

Meroe

Answer 40

Central power of Nubia in the south, developed much egyptian culture

Question 41

Olmec

Answer 41

Flourishing 1200-400 early Mesoamerican civilization, cultural influence reached as far as Pacific coast of Central America

Question 42

Chavin

Answer 42

One of the most impressive of South America’s early urban civilizations, dominated densely populated region including large areas of Peruvian coastal plain and Andean foothills

Question 43

Llamas

Answer 43

Moved goods from one economic zone to another, promoted specialization of production and increased trade.