World History Unit 5 Test Flashcards
What is Greece made up of?
2,000 islands
What is the name of a city/state?
Poleis (plural) or Polis (singular)
Who made up an early civilization in Greece?
The Minoans
Where was the early civilization of Greece located?
The Islands of Crete
What did that early civilization of Greece specialize in?
Frescoes - Watercolor paintings done on wet paper
What are some ways that the early Greek civilization ended? 3 examples…
Volcano, Earthquake, Mycenaeans
Who are the Mycenaeans?
They conquered the Greek mainland and Crete and ruled from 1400-1200 BC
How did the Mycenaeans bring trade?
Through modern ships
Who did they trade with?
Sicily, Italy, Egypt and Mesopotamia
Who battled in the Trojan war?
The Mycenaeans and the Trojans
What was used in the Trojan war and what did it offer?
The Trojan horse was used by the Greeks (Mycenaeans) to enter into the Trojan city.
Who was a very famous author who wrote many famous literature works?
Homer
What did the famous author write?
The Odyssey and the Iliad
What is the concept of verbal story? Why did stories change?
Verbal story: The passing of myths about false gods and mythical creatures through word of mouth
Many people could have different perspectives thus changing the story
What are the three types of government developed in Greece? Between 750 B.C and 500 B.C.
Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy
What was the M——- government type about?
Single person (king or queen) in charge
What was the A———- government type about?
small groups of nobles/ wealthy families rule
What was the O——– government type about?
a few powerful/ business people rule
Where did the Greeks meet for special occasions?
The Acropolis
What is a tyrant?
People who tried to gain more control of the government
What government type developed in Athens?
A limited democracy - government by the people
What failed before the new gov. type in Athens?
A direct democracy
What gov. style came after the l—— d——– in Athens?
A representative democracy - male citizens over the age of 30 yrs. were members of the assembly - used in the US today
How were woman treated in Athens?
They were inferior and were not educated
How were men treated in Athens?
They were taught on many subjects with an emphasis on logic and public speaking
What did Sparta build?
A military state
How could the men serve in the military while keeping the fields in working order?
There were slaves called Helots
Describe the government in Sparta
Group of elders who carried out laws
How long were men supposed to stay in the military?
Until they were 60 years of age
When did the boys leave for the military in Sparta?
At the age of 7
How long were the boys train in Sparta?
Until they were 30
How did the women of Sparta differ from those in Athens?
Women is Sparta had more rights and were taught the same things as men
What did all Greeks share?
Festivals, gods, heroes and the Greek language
What did the Greeks call those who did not speak the Greek language or share their customs?
“barbaroi” known as barbarian in English
Describe the phalanx strategy?
Soldiers held a spear and shield while standing close to each other in rows and columns
Draw the Thermopylae pass
~~~~~~ | | <- Persians
Who led the Persians?
Darius
What was the Marathon?
When Pheidippides ran a long distance and he died when he reached his location
Who wins the Persian war?
Athens
Who eventually takes over, leading the army to the rest of Greece?
Xerxes
What league did Greece and Athen’s create?
The Delian league
What did Sparta make in response to the D—– league.
Peloponnesian League
What did Pericles do to benefit Athens? He came due to domination
He helped with politics and created the Direct Democracy
What did Pericles do with the government?
He introduced salaries for the workers so anyone could work in the office no matter if they were poor
What else did Pericles do besides help with gov.?
Hired architects to rebuild the Acropolis
Athens had a stronger _ and Sparta had a stronger _ ?
Navy, Army
Despite working together to defeat Persia, the Athenian and Spartan rival continued which sparked the _?
Peloponnesian War
What happened when Sparta invaded?
Pericles moved everyone into the city walls which started a plague.
What happened after the Athens gave up in the Pelo. War after fighting for 10 years?
Peace didn’t last and small battles continued. Corruption and self interests with democracy.
After the lost confidence in democracy, what group sought to find the truth?
Philosophers or “lovers of wisdom” who understood the universe through logic and wisdom
Who are Sophists?
Philosophers who questioned justice and traditional values
Who was Socrates?
Encouraged self-wisdom, created the scientific method and was accused of corrupting youth and was put to death by poison
Who was Plato?
Student of Socrates, believed in heavy gov. rule, wrote the Republic founded the Academy, and later was famous in Europe
Who was Aristotle?
He questioned the nature of the world, summarized knowledge up until his time, wrote rules of logic, taught moderation and laugh the future leader Alexander
Why was art so essential in Greek culture?
Mostly focused on sculpture and was religious based. Foreshadowed European art soon to come
What encompassed drama in Greek culture?
Inventors of drama as an art form and created the first theaters
What two types of dramas did the Greeks create?
Tragedy and Comedy
Who was the father of history?
Herodotus and had a new emphasis on history and research was important to avoid bias
Who gained temporary control after the Pelo. War?
Macedonia
Who ruthlessly conquered and ruled Greece?
Philip II
What other place was Philip looking to conquer?
Persia
Why couldn’t he conquer Persia?
He was murdered
Who took the power after Philip II death?
Alexander
What goal did Alexander and Philip II share?
Conquer Persia
What else did Alexander do that was better than taking control of the Persians?
He won many battles and eventually became larger than them
How far did Alexanders rule cover?
Egypt -> India
What place(s) did Alexander found?
Alexandria and 20 other Alexandria’s (crowned pharaoh)
After facing soldiers on elephants and tough weather conditions, Alexander had to retreat. Did he die when planning for his next move?
Yes he died of sickness and suddenly died at age 33
What major impact did Alexander have?
The blending of cultures and customs
What is Hellenistic Culture?
The blending of Greek culture with Egyptian Culture, Persian and Indian principles
What was the most famous example of Hellenistic culture?
The Egyptian city of Alexandria
What was this place a prime example of Hellenistic culture?
Lots of commerce and mixing of cultures as well as known for palaces, an enormous lighthouse, a giant museum and library
Why was Astronomy important?
It estimated the circumference, size and shape of the sun and earth
Who was involved with the theories of astronomy?
Ptolemy -> incorrect
Aristarchus -> correct heliocentric model
Why was math important?
Helped create inventions like the lever and pulley
Who was involved with math?
Euclid -> geometric proofs
Archimedes -> value of pi (3.141592654)
Pythagoras -> Pythagorean Theorem a^2+b^2=c^2
Why was medicine important?
It introduced ethical standards and codes for doctors
Who was involved with medicine?
Hippocrates -> studied illnesses and cures
What did sculpture focus on?
It focused on natural works - human, body, etc.
What is an example of an early sculpture?
Colossus of Rhodes stood 100 feet tall
Will Kyle do well on this test?
I think so… YES!!!
