World History Unit 2 Test Flashcards
What would Egypt not exist without?
The Nile
What were annual events that provided nutrients?
Floods
What did the annual natural occurrences provide?
They provided nutrients for farms
In what direction does the Nile flow?
South to North
What were the rocky outcroppings called?
Cataracts
What is the place called where there is higher elevation?
Southern Egypt (Upper Egypt)
What is the place called where there is lower elevation?
Northern Egypt (Lower Egypt) near nile delta
Where does the nile delta open to?
The nile delta opens into the Mediterranean Sea
What is a delta?
A delta is an area around a river, as it opens into a larger body of water
What was the nile important for in Early Egypt?
- People established farming villages
- Rulers used the nile to link and unite Upper and Lower Egypt
- The nile was a key trade route connecting Egypt to Africa the Middle East and the Mediterranean
What are the three kingdoms of Egypt?
The Old, Middle and New Kingdom
What was significant about the Old Kingdom? (3 ex.)
- Pharaohs established gods and kings
- Famous Pyramids built - Giza
- Power struggles, crop failures and constant attacks lead to the end
What was significant about the Middle Kingdom? (3 ex.)
- Large irrigation project
- Trade increases and expands
- Hyksos invade
What was significant about the New Kingdom? (2 ex.)
- Many powerful pharaohs - Hatshepsut (female), Ramses II
- External conflicts cause downfall
What people group had interactions and some conflict with the Egyptians?
The Nubians (Planki led a brief successful invasion of Egypt)
How many gods were associated with the polytheistic religion?
Over 2,000 gods
Who was the sun god and what were some characteristics?
Amnon-Ra, very powerful
What was Osiris in charge of?
The underworld and the nile
Who is the god of mummification?
Anubis
Were Pharaohs essentially gods? Yes/No
Yes they were
What are 3 steps of mummification?
- Pull out brain by using a hook
- Remove all internal organs
- Place the heart back inside of the body
What are hieroglyphics?
A form of picture writing
What was discovered that helped decipher ancient hieroglyphics?
The Rosetta Stone (1799)
Who found the Rosetta Stone and then stole it?
The French led by Napoleon and then stolen by the British
What were the Egyptians advanced in?
They were advanced in geometry and writing
What did the Egyptians invent that has influenced us today?
12 month calendar system and medical techniques
What was one accomplishment/ famous creation of the Egyptians?
They built 80 pyramids ranging in size and also constructed Sphinx’s and The Valley of the Kings
Who was at the top of the class system?
The pharaoh = god/king
Who was second in the class system?
Priests/ Priestesses = served Pharaoh
Who was third in the class system?
Nobles = military leaders
Who was fourth in the class system?
Merchants/Scribes/Artisans = skilled workers
Where were the peasant farmers / slaves on the class system?
They were fifth and they worked in fields and on pyramids
What is the Fertile Crescent?
The fertile crescent is land between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers (modern Iraq)
What civilization formed in the fertile crescent?
Mesopotamia
What were the people called that lived in Mesopotamia?
They were called sumerians
What did the people build in Mesopotamia for their religion?
Ziggurats
What was the earliest writing system developed in Mesopotamia?
Cuneiform
What people group existed in the fertile crescent?
Nomadic groups
What was the first major empire?
Babylon
What king created the code of laws?
King Hammurabi
What was the code of law saying?
Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth
What two laws impact the people under the major king?
Criminal law (against one another) and Civil law (private matters)
How did technologies spread?
Conquerors brought ideas and technologies to the conquered region. Then a new people would come in and conquer, repeat…
What was a ruler who created the largest empire?
King Cyrus, from Asia Minor to India
What emperor unified the Persian empire?
Emperor Darius
What did that emperor do?
He divided empires into providences each ruled by a governor called a Satrap = smart.
What aided communication?
Miles of road that encouraged unity
What was invented to improve trade?
Money system (comprised of different weights and measures
What religious ideas helped unite the empire?
Zoroaster
What were the Phoenicians known for?
Known for trade (glass and dyes)
Also credited for creating the first alphabet
What is the timeline for Judaism
- Abraham migrates to Canaan (founds Israelite nation)
- Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt (enslaved)
- Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt into Canaan (promised land)
- David unites Israelites into kingdom of Israel
- Solomon builds temple in Jerusalem, but his rule inspires revolts
- Kingdom weakens after splitting into Israel and Judah
- Assyrians conquer Israel
- Babylonians conquer Judah - Babylonian captivity
- Persians conquer Babylon and free the Jews from captivity
What is monotheistic?
The belief in one God
What are the first 5 books of the new testament called?
Torah = sacred
What do the 10 commandments signify?
They are a moral guide
Beliefs in ____.
Equality
